CommunicationCollaborative construction and negotiation of meaningCultureWhat people actually doThe social context where these practices and process are shaped and enactedPowerThe management, domination, and contestation of social lifePoliticsProcesses whereby power relations shape and are challenged in any sphere of activityDo the power relations that exist on campus support or challenge these ideas?ANALYZING THE POLITICS OF CULTURE = CULTURAL THEORYPolitics of Culture: culture as a contested terrain, that is a site for struggles over identity, resources, aesthetics and power.Theory: the zone in which ideas reach a level of abstraction at which they can be effectively compared and exchanged.Cultured Theory: theoretical approaches concerned with understanding the power relations that organize contemporary life.FOUNDING FIGURES OF CULTURAL STUDIESRaymond Williams – etymology of the word culture – Welsh writer, academic critic and influential within the New Left movement of 1960s-1970sInterested in the relationships between language, literature and societyOne of the founding figures of British cultural studiesStuart Hill – world history and thinking about the idea of the westJamaican scholar (of Indian and British descent) and one of founding figures of British cultural studies.Helped to expand cultural studies’ scope to deal with race and genderConjunctures   Multi-casual Approach   4 major processesConjunctures: the complex configurations of power relationships which shape lifeMulti-casual approach: approach that looks at formation of human life as complex and made up of multiple, different processes, i.e. the 4 major processes: the political, the economic, the social, and the cultural.Cultural studies 1950s – the new left movement through the 70s. writers and thinkers are critical and in support of workers’ rights and are invested in challenging the education system. The education system isn’t training people to create sustainabale and beneficial lives but instead becoming machines in the industry. They are trying to contest this ideas. Ideas and arguments form a 150 years prior to it. Ideas such as Plato AristotleCultural theories -Cultural theory predates cultural studies.Modern: from Latin modo, meaning “just now”*Or relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the paste*Using up to date techniques or ideas*Denoting a recent style or trend in art, architecture, or any other cultural activity.Modern Age: describes economic political social and cultural shifts emerging out of Western Europe from 15th century onward.Modernity: the quality or condition of being modern.These definitions lack a theoretical or analytic rationale.RAYMOND WILLIAMS, “CULTURE” from KeywordsCulture as…*art and particular products*pattern of living and way of understanding*process of growth and cultivation*a means of social controlComes to refer to a general and secular process of human developmentFramework for how human societies can organize and govern themselves towards the production of political consensus and order.Model for universalized civilization.Demands for reformation of the churchCultural is entering a general process. –more than one way to go about it – as an abstract processSpread much more Knowledge and civility, yea, religion through all parts of the land by communicating the natural heat of Government and culture more distributively to all extreme parts – John Milton, The Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth (1660)Human societies can organize and govern themselves. Not just a process for individual development but collective. Help cultivate order and political consensus.Milton – culture universalized civilization. If done correctly can take shape anywhere throughout the world. The modern is still very much among us today.Hall wants to deconstruct and unpack.Halls argument – relationship between arguments about culture, the idea and rise of the modern world (modernity) and this identity that comes to be known as the West (geo-cultural identity) – what it means to be American comes about from the notion of the west.Capitalism, Imperialism, Exploration & ConquestThe West (at the center)i.e. the geo-culturalidentity of the westEurope & N. AmericaHall spends amount of time with age of exploration rise of capitalism, slave trade, shifts of division of labor, bourgeoisieCultural as general process, i.e. singular model for universalized civilizationModernity, i.e. being modernWEST doesn’t represent certain countries but rather an idea or identity.How we define citizenship and what it means to be American – when we travel.A circle of lands Medieval T-) (orbis terrarum)Asia Africa and Europe 14/15th centuryNile riverMediterraneanAsia – referred to as potentially the garden of edenPrior to the 15th century.Comm 206 08/29/2013CommunicationCollaborative construction and negotiation of meaningCultureWhat people actually doThe social context where these practices and process are shaped and enactedPowerThe management, domination, and contestation of social life PoliticsProcesses whereby power relations shape and are challenged in any sphere of activityDo the power relations that exist on campus support or challenge these ideas?ANALYZING THE POLITICS OF CULTURE = CULTURAL THEORYPolitics of Culture: culture as a contested terrain, that is a site for struggles over identity, resources, aesthetics and power.Theory: the zone in which ideas reach a level of abstraction at which they can be effectively compared and exchanged.Cultured Theory: theoretical approaches concerned with understanding the power relations that organize contemporary life.FOUNDING FIGURES OF CULTURAL STUDIESRaymond Williams – etymology of the word culture – Welsh writer, academic critic and influential within the New Left movement of 1960s-1970sInterested in the relationships between language, literature and societyOne of the founding figures of British cultural studiesStuart Hill – world history and thinking about the idea of the west Jamaican scholar (of Indian and British descent) and one of founding figures of British cultural studies.Helped to expand cultural studies’ scope to deal with race and genderConjunctures   Multi-casual Approach   4 major processesConjunctures: the complex configurations of power relationships which shape lifeMulti-casual approach: approach that