*Tx stands for treatment; dx is diagnosis; sx is symptoms; bx is behaviorLock ups are local confinement facilities that constitute the initial phase of the criminal justice process*Most common; stay there is less than 48 hours; most law enforcement buildings have cells for lock upJails are confinement facilities authorized to hold pre-trial, trial, and sentences inmates*Over 4,000; hold those considered “not guilty”Prisons are confinement facilities for those sentenced to 1 year or moreBelow are characteristics of jails and prisons…1) Preparation*Jails have none or are very sudden; you don’t play to be arrested*Prisons… you have time to prepare2) Institutional community*Jails have very little sense of community between inmates*Prisons have a pretty strong sense of community (Ex: skits/decorate over the Christmas Holiday)3) Organization vs. Chaos*Jails are noisy, confusing, chaotic*Prisons tend to be more organized and stable4) Mental health services*Jails have few or unsophisticated ones, exception is LA County Jail due to court order*Prison have a pretty strong presence of mental health services, some are sophisticated5) Ambiguity of the situation*High in jails… most plead not guilty/have a sense of uncertainty about what the verdict will be*No ambiguity in prisons… legal issues are resolved, exceptions are lifers with the possibility of parole6) Location*Jails are in or near inmates; community because sheriffs must transport to court appearances; LA County is in Lancaster*Prisons are far from inmates’ community… central valley (Bakersfield, etc) has the highest prison concentration in California7) Oversight (who’s running)*Jails are run by local authorities*Prisons are run by individual state or federal government (get more funding so look nicer)Turnover rate is really the main factor that shows differences between jails and prisons*180,000 people/year booked for LA County (some booked more than once “frequent flyers”Over 2 million persons incarcerated in the U.S.Lock ups have high rate of alcohol, drug intoxication, and withdrawals*Suicide is highest in Lock ups; maybe because initial point and more impulsive*Rate of mental illness is greater for jail inmates instead of prison.*Rate in any correctional facility is 3x that of normal population.*Suicide is second leading cause of death in correctional inmates… most common way is hanging by sheet, underwear, hair; 2nd is cutting; 3rd is overdosing (horde medicine either to trade or to overdose)*Mixed results of effects of solitary confinement on mental health*The methodology may be why… tested on college students who can come and goEstelle vs. Gamble (Supreme)*It is unconstitutional for prison officials to be indifferent to the serious medical needs of inmates*Bowring vs. Godwin (Supreme) extended it to mental healthColeman vs. Wilson*Court found California exhibited deliberate indifference*inmates have right to receive mental treatmentBrow vs. Plata (2011) started in Cali but became Supreme case*There are continuing deficiencies in mental health services in California due to overcrowding and you can’t better mental health issues without. Population mustbe capped at less than or equal to 137% capacity within 2 years*Prisons meant to hold 80,000*Already reduced by 30,000, but Cali must still reduce prison by 39,000 to 40,000… budget is already at $9 billion and it costs $200 million to build a new prison*AB-109 shifts responsibility from state prison to LA County jail… sends low-risk individuals there (non-violent, non-sex offender, etc. at time) but then local jails can’t go over capacity in risk of fines so offenders do less time*1982-2000 inmate population increased by 500% in part due to the war on drugs*California has the largest prison population in part due to our sentencing.*Cost to keep a 20 something incarcerated is about $40,000/person on average… cost increases with older individuals.*66% will return to prison in 3 years (high recidivism rate)*Mostly due to technical violations and not new crimes (Ex: failing drug tests, missing court dates)*CA houses largest rates of gang populations in the corrections*If found out to be in gang, person can go into isolation for an indefinite amount of time (23 hours with 1 hour for outside stuff such as showers, walking outside, etc.)*Called “The Shoe”; about 3,000 housed in the ‘special unit’*CA inmates’ age are on average higher, around 36, so costlier for us because of medical expenses.*6.6 percent women inmates*Inmates go through screening when they enter correctional facility (for diseases, etc)*Mental health housing is a lot nicer so some will fake illness*Discharge planning is determining where they’d go and by able to get their medicine.*Case management… handle special circumstances… referrals to dentist, etc.*Crisis intervention takes up a significant amount of