CE 326 Principles of Environmental EngineeringWhat is Environmental Engineering?Environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation, notably in the provision of safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies; the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes; the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation; and the control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution, and the social and environmental impact of these solutions.Slide 4Environmental EngineeringAir pollution EpisodesPrimary vs. secondary standardsPrimary vs. secondary pollutantsStationary vs. mobile sourcesSlide 10Slide 11Effects of air pollutionSlide 13CE 326 Principles of Environmental EngineeringTim Ellis, Ph.D., P.E.Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversitySpring 2008CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityWhat is Environmental Engineering?CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityEnvironmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation, notably in the provision of safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies; the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes; the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation; and the control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution, and the social and environmental impact of these solutions. CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityASCE Definition:ASCE Definition:Furthermore, it is concerned with engineering problems in the field of public health, such as control of arthropod-borne diseases, the elimination of industrial health hazards, and the provision of adequate sanitation in urban, rural, and recreational areas, and the effect of technological advances on the environment (ASCE, 1977).CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityEnvironmental EngineeringAir pollutionControl devicesPermittingModelingWater (surface and groundwater):Treatment & disinfectionStorage and distributionDispersionQualityWastewaterSolid WastesHazardous WastesRadioactive WastesIntegrated Systems Pollution PreventionOther – noise and light pollutionCE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityAir pollution EpisodesMeuse Valley, Belgium, 1930 – zinc smelters, 60 deathsDonora, Pennsylvania, 1948 – 23 deaths over Halloween weekendLondon, England, 1952 – 4000 deathsBhopal, India 1984 – 2,000 deathsWTC, Sept. 11, 2001CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityPrimary vs. secondary standardsPrimary Standards - to protect public health with an adequate margin of safetySecondary Standards - to protect public welfare (plants, animals, and property)CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityPrimary vs. secondary pollutants Primary pollutant - discharged directly into the atmosphere (e.g., automobile exhaust)Secondary pollutant - formed in the atmosphere through a variety of chemical reactions (e.g., photochemical smog)CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityStationary vs. mobile sourcesStationary Sources Contribute approximately 40% of total air pollution 98% of SOX, 95% of particulates, 56% of total hydrocarbons, 53% of NOX, and 22% of COCE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityStationary vs. mobile sourcesMobile Sources Contribute approximately 60% of total air pollution 78% of CO, 47% of NOX, 44% of total hydrocarbons, 5% of particulates, and 2% of SOXCE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversitySource: WRI Estimate Based on Data from "National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1995," 1996, EPA 454/R-96-005. CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State UniversityNational Emissions Inventory from EPASee:Effects of air pollutionDamage to human health and welfareDamage to vegetation and animalsDamage to materials and structuresAbrasionDeposition and removalDirect chemical attackIndirect chemical attackElectrochemcial corrosionDamage to the atmosphere, soil, and waterCE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering, Copyright © 2008 Tim Ellis, Iowa State