Slide 1Fig 4-8: Flow Diagram of conventional surface water treatment plant (“filtration plant”)Fig 4-8: Flow diagram of water softening plantCoagulation = Charge reduction Flocculation = Contact of particlesFig 4-10: Effect of salt on electric potentialFig 4-11: Effect of valence on electric potentialFig 4-13: results from jar testAlkalinity in Coagulation Needed to neutralize acid formedPaddle Mixer DetailsPaddle Mixers in Left Chamber and Flocculators in Right Two ChambersFig 4-35: Settling in an upflow clarifierFig 4-32: Zones of sedimentation on a horizontal flow clarifierSlide 13Slide 14Fig 4-37: Partial solids removal in ideal sedimentation tankSlide 16Let’s say v0 = 0.20 mm/s What % removal for particles with settling velocity = 0.15 mm/s?Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Fig 4-43: Typical gravity filter boxFig 4-44: Operation of rapid sand filterManual Control Panel in Water Treatment PlantLime slaker and feed system.Upflow solids contact tank. Effluent weir on right.Settling tank with radial weirsRapid sand filter with exposed under drain block. Wash water troughs run from left into gullet on right.Rapid sand filter with water level just below backwash troughs. Note iron stain at high water line.Rapid sand filter during filtration. Reflection shows water level above gullet and backwash troughs.Rotameter used to measure flowrate of gaseous chlorine into water.Hydrofluorosilicic acid drum and pump metering system for feeding fluoride into water.Softening sludge lagoon. Winter view shows ice (light blue) where supernatant water is stnading.Overview of water treatment plant showing sludge lagoons and building housing treatment facilities.Water TreatmentWater TreatmentCE 326 Principles of Environmental EngineeringCE 326 Principles of Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil, Construction and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil, Construction and Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityIowa State UniversityMarch 3, 2008March 3, 2008Tim Ellis, Ph.D., P.E.Tim Ellis, Ph.D., P.E.Fig 4-8:Fig 4-8: Flow Diagram of conventional surface Flow Diagram of conventional surface water treatment plant (“filtration plant”)water treatment plant (“filtration plant”)Fig 4-8:Fig 4-8: Flow diagram of water softening plant Flow diagram of water softening plantCoagulation = Charge reductionCoagulation = Charge reductionFlocculation = Contact of particlesFlocculation = Contact of particlesFig 4-10:Fig 4-10: Effect of salt on electric potential Effect of salt on electric potentialFig 4-11:Fig 4-11: Effect of valence on electric potential Effect of valence on electric potentialFig 4-13:Fig 4-13: results from jar test results from jar testAlkalinity in CoagulationAlkalinity in CoagulationNeeded to neutralize acid formedNeeded to neutralize acid formedPaddle Mixer DetailsPaddle Mixer DetailsPaddle Mixers in Left Chamber Paddle Mixers in Left Chamber and Flocculators in Right Two Chambersand Flocculators in Right Two ChambersFig 4-35:Fig 4-35: Settling in an upflow clarifier Settling in an upflow clarifierFig 4-32:Fig 4-32: Zones of sedimentation on a horizontal flow Zones of sedimentation on a horizontal flow clarifierclarifierQVQVhtimedepthvshtimedepthvsVhQQVhvsVhQQVhvs   wlhhQvs   wlhhQvsosvAQv osvAQv Fig 4-37:Fig 4-37: Partial solids removal in ideal sedimentation tank Partial solids removal in ideal sedimentation tankosvvP 100osvvP 100Let’s say vLet’s say v00 = 0.20 mm/s = 0.20 mm/sWhat % removal for particles with settlingWhat % removal for particles with settlingvelocity = 0.15 mm/s?velocity = 0.15 mm/s?%7520.015.0100 P%7520.015.0100 PFig 4-43:Fig 4-43: Typical gravity filter box Typical gravity filter boxFig 4-44:Fig 4-44: Operation of rapid sand filter Operation of rapid sand filterManual Control Panel in Water Treatment PlantManual Control Panel in Water Treatment PlantLime slaker and feed system.Lime slaker and feed system.Upflow solids contact tank. Upflow solids contact tank. Effluent weir on right.Effluent weir on right.Settling tank with radial weirsSettling tank with radial weirsRapid sand filter with exposed under drain block.Rapid sand filter with exposed under drain block.Wash water troughs run from left into gullet on right. Wash water troughs run from left into gullet on right.Rapid sand filter with water level just below backwash Rapid sand filter with water level just below backwash troughs. Note iron stain at high water line.troughs. Note iron stain at high water line.Rapid sand filter during filtration.Rapid sand filter during filtration.Reflection shows water level above gullet and backwash troughs.Reflection shows water level above gullet and backwash troughs.Rotameter used to measure flowrate of gaseous chlorine into Rotameter used to measure flowrate of gaseous chlorine into water.water.Hydrofluorosilicic acid drum and pump metering system for Hydrofluorosilicic acid drum and pump metering system for feeding fluoride into water.feeding fluoride into water.Softening sludge lagoon. Winter view shows ice (light blue) Softening sludge lagoon. Winter view shows ice (light blue) where supernatant water is stnading.where supernatant water is stnading.Overview of water treatment plant showing sludge lagoons Overview of water treatment plant showing sludge lagoons and building housing treatment facilities.and building housing treatment