1 Biology 20 Community & Ecosystem Ecology What is a community? Community structure: 1) Diversity: a) b) Community 1: A = 30; B = 30; C = 30 Community 2: A = 50; B = 5; C = 5 Which is more diverse? 2) Prevalent form of vegetation: 3) Feeding relationship or trophic structure: what eats what 4) Disturbances & community stability: Stability: Resilience: Factors that structure communities: 1) Competition: Intraspecific competition: Interspecific competition: Competitive Exclusion Principle: Ecological niche: Fundamental niche: Realized niche: Biological constraints: If 2 similar species want to coexist in the same community, what has to happen?2 2) Predation: Includes: Predator: Has: Prey: Coevolution: Plant defense mechanisms: 1) Mechanical defense: 2) Chemical defense: Animal defense mechanisms: 1) Mechanical defense: 2) Chemical defense: 3) Coloration Cryptic coloration: Aposematic coloration: 4) Mimicry: Batesian mimicry: Mullerian mimicry: Why would two unpalatable species want to resemble each other? Could predators use mimicry to lure prey? If so, what are some examples? Keystone predator: Prevents: Ex. Symbiosis: 1) Parasitism: Endoparasite: Ectoparasite: Brood parasitism: 2) Commensalism: 3) Mutualism:3 3) Environmental patchiness: More heterogeneous the habitat, the more diverse the community => Heterogeneity is affected by: a) vegetation structure (spatial heterogeneity) b) temporal use of habitats Succession: Ecological succession: a) Primary succession: b) Secondary succession: Climax community: Which type of species would tend to colonize a “new” environment? R or K-selected and why? What is a facilitator and what role do you think they have in primary succession? Ecosystems Trophic structure: Trophic levels: a) primary producers: b) primary consumers: c) secondary consumers: d) tertiary consumers: e) decomposers (detritivores): Food chain: (p. 725, fig. 36.9) Food web: (p. 726; fig. 36.10) Biomass:4 Primary productivity: Gross primary productivity (GPP): Net primary productivity: Secondary productivity: Ecological efficiency: (p. 727; fig. 36.11) Ratio Efficiencies varies: Why is this
View Full Document
Unlocking...