Introduction to Biology Bio 20 Group #1 a. Define energy and give 5 or more examples b. Define the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics c. Define kilocalorie, entropy, free energy reactions. d. Explain the process of redox reactions. Group #2 Enzymes a. Reactions (substrate) b. Products, intermediate c. Endergonic and exergonic d. Catalysis, active sites binding sites e. Coenzymes, pH and temperature Group #3 Energy Carriers and other components a. ATP and phosphorylation b. FADH2 c. NADPH d. NADH e. Anatomy of Chloroplasts (Photosystems I, II & Thylakoid and Stroma) f. Anatomy of Mitochondria (Mitochondrial matrix and Intermembrane) Group #4 Photosynthesis (Dependent reactions) a. Light dependent reactions b. Light waves used in light dependent reactions c. Draw and label the steps of light dependent reactions (from photosystem II to NADPH production) Where is ATP and NADPH made? Group #5 a. Photosynthesis (Independent reactions) b. Noncyclic and cyclic phosphorylation c. ATP chemiosmosis d. Calvin-Benson reaction (Carbon Dioxide Fixation), RuBP, RubiscoGroup #6 a. C4 and CAM photosynthesis b. Define: Photorespiration and Sheath Bundle Cells c. Define Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration d. Anaerobic respiration types Group #7 Glycolysis a. What is glycolysis? b. Where does it take place? c. Define Substrate phosphorylation d. Draw and Label the Steps of Glycolysis. Where is ATP and NADH used or made? Group #8 a. Draw and label the steps of alcohol and lactate fermentation. b. Draw and label the steps of Acetyl-CoA production Group #9 a. Draw and label the Kreb Cycle b. Show where ATP and NADH are made Group #10 a. Draw and label the Electron Transport System b. Show where NADH and FADH2 donate electrons. c. Show ATP synthase producing
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