Oxidation:Overview of Cellular Respiration (p. 119; Fig. 7.2 and p. 12Biology 20 Cellular Respiration What is respiration? What is the main function of cellular respiration? RESPIRATION EQUATION: Reduction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Æ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP) Oxidation Reference: p. 119 Æ *Key = follow the H+s. Oxidation: Reduction: Is cellular respiration a catabolic or anabolic reaction? Overview of Cellular Respiration (p. 119; Fig. 7.2 and p. 120, Fig. 7.3). Aerobic respiration: 1) 2) 3) Anaerobic respiration or Fermentation: 1) 2) a) b) Glycolysis: (p. 122; Fig. 7.5) Refers to: Occurs: Energy investment phase: Steps 1 – 4 C-C-C-C-C-C 2 ATP Æ How many ATP's required (used)? Results in 2 molecules of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde (G3P) C-C-C C-C-C Note: Step 5 is an isomeration step between G3P & Dihydixyacetone phosphate Energy yielding phase: Steps 6 – 10 (G3P) C-C-C C-C-C 4 ATP Å Biology 20 Lecture Cellular Respiration Page 1 of 6 Results in: pyruvates 2 NADH Å ATP produced NADH produced (PYR) C-C-C C-C-C (PYR)Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) – energy rich molecule which will be shuttled to the ETC & undergo oxidative phosphorylation to yield more (Think: Disney dollars - can only get energy at the ETC) Glycolysis Net Yield: pyruvates: ATP: NADH: What is Substrate-level phosphorylation? Two fates of pyruvate: 1) If O2 is present: 2) If O2 is not present: Aerobic Respiration: Glycolysis Æ Kreb’s Cycle: Grooming or Transition phase: (p. 122; Fig. 7.6) Occurs where: 2 pyruvate (3C) 2 acetyl CoA (2C) Biology 20 Lecture Cellular Respiration Page 2 of 6 2 CO2. 2 NAD+ + H+. 2 NADHKrebs Cycle: (p. 124; Fig. 7.7) Occurs: Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate (OAA) citrate (2 C) (4 C) (6 C) 2 acetyl CoA citrate synthase + 2 OAA 2 Citrate 2 FADH2. 2 Turns Illustrated Biology 20 Lecture Cellular Respiration Page 3 of 6 2 FAD+ 6 NAD+ 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 ADP + 2 Pi Why does it require 2 turns of the Krebs Cycle to completely oxidize 1 glucose molecule? Krebs Cycle Net Yield: ATP NADH FADH2. CO2. Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation: (p. 126; Fig. 7.9 & 7.10) Location: Proteins involved: cytochromes ATP synthase What is chemiosmosis? What is oxidative phosphorylation? ATP is not produced directly. Results from H+ flowing through ATP synthase. Each NADH = ATP (approximately) Each FADH2 = ATP (approximately) Final electron acceptor? Where does the O2 come from?How does the O2 get to the cells? Where does the water (metabolic water) come from? What happens when cyanide & carbon monoxide accumulate in our bodies? Energy yield from aerobic respiration: (p. 132, Fig. 7.14) # of ATPs Glycolysis: 2 ATP 2 NADH Primer RXN: 2 NADH Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2. Total ATPs NOTE: Eukaryotes = 36 – 38 ATPs Do the numbers agree? Why or why not? Biology 20 Lecture Cellular Respiration Page 4 of 6Fermentation: p. 132, Fig. 7.13 a) Lactic Acid Fermentation (p. 132, Fig. 7.13C) 2 pyruvates Æ 2 Lactic acid (lactate) Occurs when: Location: Results in: Lactic acid build-up results in: 1) 2) Cori cycle: 1) In skeletal muscles: 2) In the liver: Two fates lactic acid: a) b) b) Alcohol Fermentation (p. 132, Fig. 7.13B) 2 pyruvates Æ 2 ethanol (ethyl alcohol) Occurs when: Location: Results in: What organisms undergo this type of metabolism? What is the connection between breathing and cellular respiration? (p. 90; Fig. 6.1) Biology 20 Lecture Cellular Respiration Page 5 of 6p. 129, Fig. 7.12 LIPID METABOLISM: Lipolysis: Ketone bodies: As a result of: ketosis: ketoacidosis: AMINO ACID METABOLISM: Are all the foodstuff that we eat converted into energy (ATP)? (p. 105; Fig. 6.17) Where does the fuel for respiration ultimately come from? P. 133, Fig. 7.15 Biology 20 Lecture Cellular Respiration Page 6 of