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Saddleback BIO 20 - Introduction to Biology

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Introduction to Biology I. Properties of Live Things a. Organization b. Reproduction c. Growth and Development d. Homeostasis Name three more properties of life not listed above e.____________________________ f.____________________________ g.____________________________ II. Cellular Basis of Life A. The Cell Theory a. The cell is the simplest living organism. b. All organisms are composed of cells. c. _____________________________ III. The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell and the formulation of the cell theory. The following list of scientists discovered parts of a cell to help develop the theory. Robert Hooke (1665) reported a description of a cork cell. Antonie van Leeuwenhok (1600) used the microscope to observe living orgnisms such as blood cells and pond water organisms. Matthias schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839) formed the basis for the cell theory. IV. Based on structural organization, there are two major kinds of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. List three characteristics of prokaryotic cells: a. __________________________________ b. __________________________________ c. __________________________________V. Evolution: Life Evolves a. Diversity of members b. Populations have the potential to produce more offspring than will survive or than the environment will support. c. Individuals with traits best suited to the environment leave a larger number of offspring, which increases the proportion of inheritable variations in the next generation. VI. Scientific Method A. Problem B. Inductive and deductive methods Asking a question and formulating a tentative answer by inductive reasoning. Using deductive reasoning to make predictions from the hypothesis and then testing the validity of those predictions. C. Testing the Hypothesis: The Experiment Variables a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________ Chapter II I. Atoms a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. mass e. charge II. Isotopes What are they? What are their uses? III. Orbitals 1st Shell (2) 2nd Shell (8) Higher Shells (8)IV. Bonding a. completely gaining or losing an electron. Opposite charges attract. b. sharing electrons equally. c. electrons shared but not equally d. hydrogen attracted to an oxygen or nitrogen charge. V. Water a. Density b. Cohesion c. Adhesion d. Surface Tension e. Heat and Temperature Calorie Kilocalorie Specific Heat Heat of vaporization Universal Solvent Solute f. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic g. pH h. Buffers V. Carbon a. Hydrocarbon b. Isomers (butane vs. 2-methyl propane) VI. Functional Groups a. Hydroxyl Group ______________ b. Carboxyl Group ______________ c. Aldehyde ____________________ d. Ketone ______________________ e. Amino _______________________ f. Phosphate ____________________ g. Sulfhydryl Group ______________ VII. Carbohydrates Sugars Monosaccharides Oligo- Poly -VIII. Lipids Oils Fats Waxes Saturated or Unsaturated Phospholipids Steroids IX. Proteins A. Types a. Structural support b. Storage c. Transport (hemoglobin) d. Signaling (chemical messengers) e. Cellular response to chemical stimuli f. Movement g. Defense h. Enzymes B. Amino Acids a. 20 different types C. Protein Structure a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary D. Denatured proteins a. pH b. Salts c. temperature d. poisons X. Nucleic Acids A. DNA a. Nucleotide deoxyribose, base and phosphate B. RNA a. rRNA b. tRNA c.


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Saddleback BIO 20 - Introduction to Biology

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