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Saddleback BIO 20 - Review terms

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DeathReproductionAtomsBuffersCholesterolNucleotidesNuclear EnvelopeSpindle FibersIntroduction to Biology Review terms for (Test #1) Chapter 1 Philosophy of Biology Deductive (general to specific facts or reduction reasoning) Inductive reasoning (specific to general facts) Scientific method (Observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion) Latin Variables (control, dependent, and independent) Control Natural Selection (Scientific Method) Thomas Malthus Charles Darwin A. Russell Wallace James Hutton and Charles Lyell - Uniformitarianism Components of Life Cellular organization Growth and Development Death Complexity Movement Sensitivity Metabolism Reproduction Heredity Homeostasis 16 elements Element Proportions Chapter 2 Atoms Neutron Proton Electron Isotopes Orbitals (Shells) 1st = 2 2nd = 8 3rd = 8 Oxidation-Reduction Ion Atomic Mass (O16) Atomic Number O (8)Bonding Ionic Covalent Hydrogen Polar Covalent Solvent Solute pH Base (OH-) Acid (H+) Hydrophobic bonding Hydrophilic bonding Buffers Properties of Water Cohesion/Adhesion Specific Heat Heat of Vaporization Density (g/ml) 4o F Surface Tension Hydrogen bonding Chapter 3 Organic Molecules Functional groups aldehyde ketone carboxyl alcohol Dehydration (Condensation) Hydration (Hydrolysis) Carbohydrates (1:2:1 ratio) Mono-, Di-, and Polysaccharides Starch (plants) Chitin (fungi, insects) Cellulose (plants, alpha and beta bonds) Amylose (starch, alpha bond) Glycogen (animals, liver) Glucose Fructose (very sweet) Lipids (glycerides and fatty acids) Fats (saturated) Oils (unsaturated) Waxes (saturated) Unsaturated Saturated Steroids (hormones) Cholesterol Testosterone EstrogenProteins Amino Acids (20) Enzymes Peptide Bonds (N-C) Protein Structures (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA (Double Helix) RNA (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA) Double Helix 5-carbon sugar Phosphate Nucleotide base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, quanine, uracil) Chapter 4 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Cells Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Flagella Nuclear Envelope Chloroplast Spindle Fibers Nucleus Mitochondria Chromosomes Lysosomes Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Ribosomes Golgi bodies Cilia and Flagella Microtubules Centrioles Organelles Cell Wall Early Microscopist and Cell Biologist Robert Hooke Theodor Schwann Matthias Schleiden Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Loise Pasteur Rudolf Virchow Galileo


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