PHY 102 1st Edition Outline of Last Lecture I Gravity a Equations II Orbital Velocity III Escape Velocity IV Examples V Sample Problems Outline of Current Lecture I Simple Harmonic Oscillation a SHO definition b Period c Examples i Hooke s Law ii Pendulum II Waveform Terms a Properties of waves b Definitions III Sound as an Analogy a Tuning fork b Sound waves These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute c Types of waves IV Wave Forms Current Lecture I Simple Harmonic Oscillation a Simple Harmonic Oscillator SHO is anything repetitive movement with a restoring force proportional to displacement b In order to have a SHO you have to have a restoring force force that pulls back to the equal distance i If the force is equal to the displacement then it is a SHO c Period i How long the SHO takes to go from one side to the other side if a pendulum ii Can be measured from the center and must move in the same direction d Examples i 1 spring F k x where F is the force supplied by a spring Force on a spring is k x Spring II Weight 1 Hooke s Law F k x because the slope of the N m graph is k x ii 2 pendulum at small angles 1 tan F mg therefore F mg small angle approximation angles less than 20 degrees 2 When the angle is more than 20 degrees the math relationship for the period of a pendulum P 2 l g holds true Waveform Terms a wavelength b speed of light i how fast a wave propagates ii 300 000 km sec rate of motion of crests or troughs iii Sound travels at 330 m s or 1000 ft s c time between passage of successive crests d number of crest passages per unit time III IV V e distance from level of crest to level of trough Sound as an analogy a Frequency is most closely associated with pitch b As a tuning fork is struck the sound waves strike the air and scatter it in all directions c Various wavelengths are perceived as various frequencies and various pitches d Reason for sound is the friction through the air e Energy leaves from the vibrating fork and into oscillating in the air i Temperature of the air imperceptibly increases ii Energy is still conserved f Amplitude how loud something is Wave Forms a Wave forms i Longitudinal compressional motion ii Transverse side to side motion b Examples i A water wave is a transverse wave ii Sound is a compressional wave c Longitudinal wave compressional back and forth not side to side Relationships a F 1 T b Energy propagated by a wave is proportional to A2 c
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