PHY 102 1st EditionOutline of Last LectureI. Graphing examplesa. Bicycle examplei. Instructionsb. Two slopesII. Functions to KnowOutline of Current Lecture I. Who is Galileo?II. What role does observation play in solving the mysteries of science?a. Lippersheyb. Telescopei. Powersii. Limitationsc. Discoveries of Galileod. Accusations of Galileoe. Trialf. Defenseg. RecantingCurrent LectureI. Who is Galileo?a. Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopherThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Responsible for the birth of modern sciencec. Abrasive & gives excuse for modern scientists to distance themselves from religiond. Works began in 1609, and ended in 1642II. What role does observation play in solving the mysteries of science?a. Lippershey i. Invented the telescope in about 1608ii. Galileo was a lens maker and took the concept on as his ownb. Telescopei. People thought was the work of the devilii. Marketed as a commercial instrument by Galileoiii. Chromatic abjuration 1. Colors are shown that are “not there” because they focus at different points2. If using a spherical lens, the light cannot be focused at one pointiv. Galileo’s other model telescope inverted the imagev. Powers1. Magnifying2. Light gathering3. Resolvingvi. Limitations1. Small field of view2. Lack of suitable mountc. Discoveries of Galileoi. Moon1. Disvovers it is like the earth in its terrain and that it has sunrises and sunsets2. Supposed to be “quintessence” according to the church, not the same as earth – heresyii. Phases of venus1. Means venus must go around the sun2. Galileo did not enunciate these, just observediii. Changing sizes of mars1. 5x greater size as it growsiv. Moons of Jupiter1. Ovserved that Jupiter was the center of motion for its monv. Rings of Saturn1. “ears” observed, sometimes seen edge onvi. Neptune1. Galileo discovered Neptune based on the movement against the background starsvii. Nebulus Regions1. Knew it was a cluster and a “nebulus glow”viii. Milky Way1. Conjure of a conjure of starsix. Sunspots1. Cristof Shiner – claimed to have discovered sunspots firstd. Accused heresy of Galileoi. Siderius Nuncius – 16101. Tommas Caccini claimed Acts 1:11 showed the heresy of Galileo ii. Galileo denounced to Ingustum in 1614iii. Meets with Robert Cardinal Bellamine in 1616iv. Dialogues Concerning the Two Chief World Systems1. Cannot prove his theories2. Implications of his observations3. Predicted the movement of earth4. Contradicted established religious and scientific belief5. No peers came to Galileo’s aidv. 1613 accusation1. Possibly by Cristof Shinere. Triali. Hinged on a literal interpretation of Biblical Texts1. 1 Chron 16:302. Psalms 93:1; 96:10; 104:5ii. Secret prohibition of 1613 arising from visitiii. Condemnation based on a faulty record of the 1616 meeting with Robert Cardinal Bellarmine made by the Holy Officef. Defensei. Ecclesiastical approbation 1. not a chance to defend himself2. 8 condemned, 5 did notii. Confined to prison, then sent to house arrestg. Galileo recantsi. Under threat he apologized and denied his “heresy”ii. Pope refused to condemn Galileoiii. Told to recite the seven psalms once a week for 3 years, eventually daughter took over