Forms of Gender Inequality- Gender Inequalityo The inequality between men and women in terms of wealth, income, and status- Sexismo The belief that one sex is superior to the other- Patriarchyo Dominance of men over women- Women and the workplaceo In 1910, women who worked were young, single, poor, immigrants, or ethnic minoritieso In 1978, 14% of married women with pre-school aged children worked full-time compared to 63.5% in 2007- Inequalities at worko Gender Typing Women holding occupations of lower status and pay, such as secretarial and retail positions, and men holding jobs of higher status of payo The gender pay gap Sex segregation- The concentration of men and women in different occupations Jobs dominated by men are paid more than jobs dominated by women 1963 equal pay act- Same job, same payo Wall Street Extreme example: both women and men work on wall street Extremely competitive Endless work day You live to work- What is the problem?o Wage differential?(gender)o Motherhood penalty?(parenthood) Mothers may earn less than other women because having children causes them to 1 lose job experience, 2 be less productive at work, 3 trade off higher wages for mother-friendly jobs, 4 be discriminated against by employerso The “mommy track”o What is the “Sex-role” spillover?o Think about ordinary household chores and childcare. How do we usually divide these roles among men and women?o How might gender roles infiltrate the work world?What are gender roles?- Behavioral norms- Expectations- Stereotypes- Based on division of laboro What tasks are associated with women?o What tasks are associated with men?Are we born with these differences? No. it’s the way we have socially constructed these differences into these gender roles. - Human capital theoryo Argument that individuals make investments in their own “human capital” in order to increase their productivity and earnings- The Glass ceilingo A promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization- The Glass escalatoro Men move up to higher positions in female-dominated occupations in disproportionately higher
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