SOCIOLOGY REVIEW #1Agents of socialization- Familyo The main agent of socialization in infancy and early childhoodo Mothers tend to be the most importanto Remains influential throughout one’s lifeo Values, disciplines- Schools- Peer relationships/friends- Mass mediao Any form of communication designed to reach a wide audienceo Difficult to determine its exact effects on behavior - Work- Social roleo Set of socially define expectations of behavior associated with a given status or social positiono Highlights the fact that socialization is a dynamic process o The role of brother or sister or parent o Learning, adapting, creating- Gender socializationo The learning of gender roles through social factors such as schooling, the media, and family Domesticity, blue and pink, femininity and masculinity, etc. o Storybooks and television Male=independence Female=passiveo Nonsexist child rearing- Identityo Understandings of who we are and what is meaningful to us Social identity- Similar Self-identity- Different- Childhoodo Relativelt new stateo Societies have become more child-centeredo Are kids growing up faster?- Teenage yearso Also a new stageo Focus on pubertyo Easier transition in age-grades- Young adulthoodo Particularly pronounced in affluent groupso Travel and exploreo Postponement of adult responsibilities- Mature adulthoodo More freedom today- Old ageo Compare age-grades to the elderly in our societyThe debate about gender socialization- Freudo Gender identity centers on: Possession or absence of a penis Children’s fear and sexual attraction in relation to parentso Critiques: Too focused on anatomy Superior biology? Father is not always the disciplinarian Gender learning takes place at 4-- Chodorowo Emotional attachmentso Boys break from mothers more than girlso Development of masculine and feminine character traits- Gilligan o Devaluation of women’s roles and feminine qualitieso Others-centered femaleso Outward-orientated
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