FOR FINAL: Paradigms.. social construction..social structure.. functionalism.. symbolic. The gender pay gap- The “glass escalator” o Men move up to higher positions in female dominated occupations in disproportionatelyhigher numbers- Sexual Harassmento The making of unwanted sexual advances by one individual toward another, in which thefirst person persists even though it is clear that the other party is resistanto Quid pro quoo Hostile work environment- Family and gender issueso Balancing work and child care Working mothers are paid less Working mothers (not working fathers) are seen as primarily responsible for childreno Housework In 1960s women performed 32 hours and men performed 4 hours per week of housework By 2000 women’s hours dropped to 19 and men’s rose to 10 hours per week spent on housework Arlie Hochschild and the “second shift” – women are at a disadvantage bc we work two shifts..- Education and unequal treatment in the classroomo Children are taught gender roles through games, activities, and storybookso Teachers interact with boys and girls differently- Gender inequality in politicso Women are underrepresented in all levels of government 2010-17 out of the 100 US senators were women and 76 of the 435 US house memberso There are more women involved in local politics than in national politicso The democratic party has the highest number of women politicians- Functionalist approacheso Men and women specialize in different tasks to achieve social solidarity and integrationo Anthropologist George Murdock Sexual division of labor is the most logical and efficient way to organize society- Feminist approacho Feminist Theory Sociological theory that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience of women 4 main feminist perspectives-liberal, radical, black, and postmoderno Liberal feminism (most thought of) For of feminist theory that believes that gender inequality is produced by unequal access to civil rights and certain social resources, such as education and employment, based on sex Seeks solutions through legislationo Radical Feminism (most extreme form of feminism) Form of feminist theory that believes that gender inequality is the result of maledomination in all aspects of social and economic life End inequality by overthrowing patriarchy Focus on violence against women and control over women’s bodieso Black feminism A strand of feminist theory that highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class, and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women Gender equality requires racial and class equalityo Postmodern Feminism Feminist perspective that challenges the idea of a unitary basis of identity and experience shared by all women Celebrates the “otherness” of different groups and individuals There is no overarching solution to gender inequality…no way of addressing inequality because there is no way to address what “womanhood” iso Conflict theory- carl marx, big picture, macro sociology, struggle between classes over resources and powerETHNICITY AND RACE CHAPTER 11- Ethnicityo Cultural values and norms that distinguish the members of a given group from otherso Some combination of language, history, religion, ancestry, and styles of dress or adornment are usually sued to categorize people into ethnic groups- Raceo Differences in human physical characteristics used to categorize large numbers of individuals- Racializationo The process by which understandings of race are used to classify individuals into exploitive political or economic systemso Racial categories vary across time and