PSY 322 Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Defining a disorderA. Definition of devianceB. Definition of maladaptiveC. Definition of distressII. History and Abnormal BehaviorIII. Beginning of a Biological approachIV. Middle ages V. Beginning of a Psychological approachCurrent LectureI. Defining a disorderA. Deviance: atypical behavior- This cannot be a sole factor in determining a disorder- Considered different in every culture as behavior differs in each culture. B. Maladaptive: behavior that interferes with important life functions. This behaviormust have consequences to the health or life of the individual.C. Distress: having painful or upsetting feelings that affect the daily life functions of the individual ie: agoraphobiaHow can we determine what behavior is abnormal vs normal?Everyone is deviant, maladaptive & distressed sometimes. Determining whether someone has a disorder is a matter of degree, not how many of these things the individual experiences. II. History and Abnormal BehaviorA. Ancient theories:- Individuals showing abnormal behavior were often thought to be possessed by demons. These individuals were considered to be extremely dangerous.B. Ancient treatments: - Individuals exhibiting this behavior were either isolated from othersdue to their dangerous nature and/or were treated by These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.trephination: a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull that serves a purpose intended to give a spot of release for demons to escape the head.C. Classical Greek and Roman views – Hippocrates:- Hippocrates is considered the father of medicine- He deemed there to be 3 categories of mental disorder1. Mania 2. Melancholia 3. Phrenitis (brain fever)- Deemed there to be 4 liquids that control these disorders called the4 humors.III. Beginning of a Biological approachA. Doctrine of the 4 humors:1. Blood (sanguine): causes as individual to be health, cheerful and optimistic, too much of this humor will cause insomnia and delirium.2. Black Bile: causes melancholia or depression.3. Phlegm: causes individual to be phlegmatic, apathetic, sluggish and oddly calm under stress.4. Yellow Bile: causes an individual to be choleric or hot tempered.IV. Middle Ages1. This age is often referred to as the dark ages for science and psychology.2. We see individuals with mental disorders to be accused of possession by the Devil. Diagnosis of this issue was deemed to be the practicing of Witch craft; punishment was death by fire.3. Another issue of this time was the accusation of mass hysteria. Ie: Lycanthropia, Salem witch trialsV. Beginning of a Psychological approach1. Emergence of the asylum in the late 1500s in Eurpoe (although these started in the Arab world around 800 BC)2. The idea of these institutions was to remove the individual from society. 3. They were touted as a place of care, but were more like a zoo or prison.Ie: Bethleham Hospital, London aka “Bethlam”, Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, Public Hospital in Williamsburg VA.- More often than not, in order to be released from these horrible places, patients chose to hide their symptoms if