PSY 332 Lecture 6 First lecture after Exam 1Outline of Current Lecture I.Anxiety disorders (part 1)-Fear vs anxietyII.Components of anxietyIII.DSM-5 -anxiety disorders-compulsive related -trauma & stressor relatedIV.PTSDCurrent LectureI. Fear vs. anxietyFear or panic: a basic emotion enabling a quick response when faced with an imminent threat – immediate dangerAnxiety: a complex blend of emotions that is more future-orientated and more diffuse than fear – future dangerII. Components of anxiety- Cognitive components: thoughts- “I’m competent”; feelings- negative moods- Physiological symptoms: increased heart rate and respiration- Behavioral components: avoidance of particular situations, engaging in compulsionsAnxiety and fear are adaptive:- People perform better when they are slightly anxious – can be motivational- Fight or flight mechanism ** too much anxiety is bad **These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PerformanceArousalWho suffers from anxiety disorders:- Common psychological disorder for 30% of women and 19% of men- Phobias: most common anxiety disorderWhy are these the most common?- Genetic/ biological factors: heredity- Disorder specific: depends on disorder- Overactive BISBIS: Behavioral inhibition system – avoiding situations aka “Hot! Don’t touch!”BAS: Behavioral activation system – “Tired? Go to sleep. Hungry? Go eat.”HPA axis: Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis – controls “fight or flight” and hormone regulation, importantly cortisol. Dysregulation of this causes anxiety. III. DSM-5 Anxiety disorders:- Separation - Selective mutism- Specific phobias- Panic disorder (With or without agoraphobia)- Social phobia- Generalized anxiety disorders (GAD)Compulsive related: - Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)- Body dysmorphic disorder- Hoarding- Trichotillomania (hair pulling)- Excorlation (skin picking)Trauma and stressor related:- Reactive attachment- Disinhibited social engagement- PTSD- Acute stress- Adjustment disordersIV. PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)- Experience of severe trauma: war, rape, car accident, natural disaster etc- Threat of death/harm to self or close others – actual or threatenedSymptoms of emotion: horror, feeling of helplessness- Avoids situations that remind you- Flashbacks- Concentration on fearful stimuli- Comorbidy with depressionDiagnostic Criteria: - Re-experiencing the trauma: intrusive distressing recollections, distressing dreams, flashbacks, distress at internal or external cues that represent trauma, physiological reactivity to internal or external cues that represent trauma. ~ Must have at least one of these- Avoidance of associated stimuli avoidance or effort to avoid distressing memories, thoughts or feelings. Avoidance or effort to avoid external reminders~ Must have at least one of these- Cognition and mood alterations: inability to remember important aspect of trauma; negative beliefs of self, world and future; distorted cognitions about cause and consequences of events, persistence negative emotional state, anhedonia, feeling of detachment/ estrangement, inability to experience positiveemotions. ~ Must have at least two of these- Persistent increased arousal: difficulty falling/staying asleep, irritability or outbursts or anger, reckless/ self-destructive behavior, difficulty concentrating, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response~ Must have at least two of these.Anhedonia: lack of experience of happiness. Not necessarily bad, but also not happy. Chronic state of