Psych 322 Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Behavioral and biological perspectivesOutline of Current Lecture II. Research methods and designsCurrent LectureII. Research methods : Basic components- Hypothesis- Research design- Dependent variable- Independent variableStatistical significance: statistical analysis to determine if numbers are actually different and if change took placeClinical significance: does this change make a real difference in the person’s life?Research designs: 1. Single subject designs: The opportunity to work with individual directly – the subject serves as control rather than using group. Downfall: individual may have special factors not taken into account which can skew findings2. Correlational design: relationship between two variables and looking to see if there is a relationship or not between those variables.3. Epidemiological design: studies the patterns, causes & effects of health and disease conditions. Literally “the study upon the people”. However these patterns aren’t necessarily causal, there are many other factors to consider.4. Experimental: planning a study to meet specified objectives. Manipulation of a variable (IV) to observe effects on another variable (DV). Design possibilities: group designs, single case experimental design & comparative treatment research.Group designs: observe a group to see if changes occur.- “criterion group”: treatment group- “control group”: no manipulation, eliminates placebo- “placebo group”: sham treatment, double blind conditionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Comparative treatment research: (treatment outcome studies) Each group gets some kind of treatment. Compare one treatment to another to see if one is better/fasteror to look at the process – not just the outcome.5. Genetics research: conducted by investigators to generate knowledge about genes and or the genetic basis of disease ie: heredity.Types of these studies: family, adoption, twin- family: find individual with symptom of interest. Interview 1st degree relatives tofind if they also have symptom. Then find individuals similar to one of interest & interview their families. Try to find similarities. - twin: Dizygotic – fraternal : Monozygotic – identical Concordance rates = how often do twins have same