ANTH 1102 Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. RACE: A Four Fields Perspectivesa. Archeology b. Cultural Anthropology c. Biological Anthropology d. Linguistic II. RACE Texta. Arguments of the bookIII. Race Symbols a. Symbols of Raceb. How is race different from being ethnocentric?Outline of Current Lecture I. Emergence of Racea. Racializationb. Historyc. Bacon’s Rebelliond. Reason for RaceII. Science of Racea. Linnaeus b. Eugenicsc. Franz BoazCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Emergence of Racea. Racialization- the act of attributing race-based identities to a relationship, social practice, or group that was not previously understood in racial termsb. Before race, people were categorized by religion and classc. Indentured servants served the Europeans and the new Americans, and it was consisted of Africans and poor Europeans. d. In the colonies, tobacco became the way of life for the wealthy Europeans. Tobacco was very labor intensive, and the plantation owners needed cheap labor.e. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)- a class-based uprising that, essentially, sparked the idea of racef. Europeans used race as a solution to class-based uprising by separating poor white workers from the black. Divide & Conquerg. Indentured blacks became simply slaves, and they were brought to the colonies through captivity.i. They were separated from any other captures that spoke the same language. h. Race was brought on by economicsi. Invading the colonies and taking native American land, and slavery started off with economic ideals, but turned to race-based motives. II. Science of Racea. 17th-19th century: Scientists began looking into race i. Were all races fully human? ii. Were all human races equal?b. Scientists often used the Bible as a source of evidencec. Linnaeus: scientist that came up with the first classification of plants, animals andhumansi. He associated races with particular character traits, attitudes, and behavior. d. 19th century scientists started to measure skulls and look at the human body to divide humans into categoriesi. Used skull size to advocate that Europeans were more intelligent, therefore, superior. e. Fredrick Douglas (1854): agreed more with Linnaeus, that environment and socialaspects were important to “racialization”f. Eugenics- using “science” to engineer the “betterment of human kind”i. It was developed in the 20th century by the U.S.g. Franz Boaz- created four fields of anthropology (lecture one) and proved eugenics wrong by using science. h. Culture Relativity: the belief that the values and standards of culture differ and cant be easily compared with values and standards of other culturesi. Race is NOT totally linked with culture and