PHY 102 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture N A Outline of Current Lecture I Basis of Scientific Knowledge v Faith A Examples of when human reasoning is limited B Examples of evidence of the earth spinning Aristotle II What is necessary for knowledge a Right reason b Quote from Blaise Pascal III Fallacies in reasoning knowledge Current Lecture I II III If we believe have faith that the Earth is moving we should be able to provide evidence for that belief to show scientific knowledge Examples of Aristotle disputing this theory include a We should feel the motion of the earth b We should feel the winds moving c We should see the oceans cast off from the motion d We should see projectiles left behind If we claim to know something we need a Right reason i Human reasoning is limited 1 We are weak in our infirmities 2 Outlook can sway our reasoning 3 We believe what we want to believe 4 We take facts as opinions if we don t agree and opinions as facts if we do agree ii Blaise Pascal opinion is the mistress of error she cannot make us wise only content b Empirical Evidence Fallacies in Reasoning a Personal Experience identical concrete experiences can be interpreted in a multitude of ways b Artificial Evidence axiomatic proofs of mathematics i x a These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute c d e f g h i j IV x 2 ax x 2 a 2 ax a 2 x a x a a x a x a a a a a 2a a 2 1 ii flawed conclusions from apparent truths Natural inference Humans when cut bleed I am human When cut I ll bleed modus ponens Definition definitions do not constitute knowledge per se Universal consent just because everyone believes something it does not make it true Perfect credibility when all evidence points to a conclusion Credible authority parents leaders authorities do not always agree Science observation i Scientific method ii Question observe hypothesize test draw conclusions Science experimental i Experimentation ii Data can disprove support a hypothesis iii Data CANNOT prove a hypothesis Science analysis derivation of knowledge using logic empirical evidence Two types of truth a Subjective in relation to the subject b Objective in relation to the object i Goal of science but science never claim to possess it ii Subject to revision in light of new evidence c Science is a truth seeking process i Body of knowledge based on logic evidence ii Deeper truths exist even when objective truths disagree
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