Mechanisms of orientation:Reading:Why do many animals need to know what time of day it is to use the sun as a migration cue? Describe an example of an experiment in either pigeons or monarch butterflies that illustrates this. What cues are green sea turtles thought to use in their long-distance migration? How was this tested?Lecture:What are 3 types of long-distance orientation we discussed in class? What experiments can be performed to distinguish between them?Define kineses and taxes and give an example of each.Name 2 cues that animals can use to find their way by piloting, and give an example of each.What are 3 animals we discussed in class that have true navigation?Why do you need a circadian rhythm to navigate by compass direction?What are 5 cues animals can use to navigate? Give an example of each.What are 2 potential ways that an animal can sense magnetic fields? How do birds learn to orient towards Polaris to fly north at night?What are some of the sensory cues that pigeons use to orient?What is 'dead reckoning' and how do ants use it to navigate? What 2 things do ant need to be able to measure to do this? What experiments have been done to test exactly which cues are used by the ants?How were Helmholtz coils used to test the reliance of orientation of pigeons and lobsters on magnetic senses? What were the results of these experiments and what do they mean? How could you use the same types of experiments to test turtle magnetic orientation?For which 2 types of behaviors do lobsters need to know their way around the ocean