NAME PLEASE PRINT LAST FIRST SIGNATURE My signature on this test means that I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid and represents my commitment to the honorable and trustworthy behavior that is the spirit of the NCSU Honor Pledge Introduction to Human Nutrition Spring 2024 Test 2 1 Introduction to Human Nutrition Test 2 Spring 2024 1 The Pepsi Co research group is looking to test a new sports energy drink In their study they are randomizing participants into one of two groups One group will be receiving a 6 ounce serving of water and one group will receive a 6 ounce serving of the new sports energy drink Participants can choose to go to one of two facilities to participate in the study Participants must sign a consent form to participate stating that they are voluntarily participating in the research study Which of the following is a way that the researchers are controlling for confounders A Randomizing participants B Allowing participants to choose the facility they go to C Having participants sign a consent form D All of the above E None of the above 2 True or False Neville is at the store and picks up a dietary supplement On the label it says that the blend in the dietary supplement is proprietary Neville assumes that this means that they have come up with a novel new blend and are waiting for the patent to approved and then will list all of the ingredients on the supplement label Is Neville s assumption true or false A True B False 3 Lexi s sister is complaining to her that the nutrition information published in the news seems to change all the time and she s not sure what articles she should believe What information should Lexi share with her sister to help her determine if an article she is reading is a good source of information A A good source describes the population being studied B A good source shares the findings in only in abstract terms C A good source describes the confounders that are controlled for in the study D A and C E All of the above 4 Cori is experiencing frequent heartburn and is considering using an antacid to alleviate symptoms Which of the following organs is the primary target for antacids to provide relief from excess stomach acid A Small Intestine B Liver C Stomach D Kidneys 5 True or False Digestion involves bringing complex food molecules into the body where they can be converted to smaller molecules through a process called absorption A True B False 2 6 How do the roles of circular and longitudinal muscles compare A Both longitudinal and circular muscles work together to produce digestive enzymes B Longitudinal muscles contract to mix food while circular muscles propel food along the GI tract C Longitudinal muscles propel food along the GI tract while circular muscles contract to mix food D Both longitudinal and circular muscles work together to produce digestive chemicals 7 Which of the following nutrients are not chemically broken down by digestive enzymes before they are absorbed A Carbohydrates B Vitamins and Minerals C Fat D Protein 8 Kaili is exploring the intricate processes involved in digestion She comes across the term peristalsis and wants to understand its significance Which of the following statements accurately describes peristalsis A Peristalsis is the process of mixing food with digestive enzymes in the stomach B Peristalsis is a type of mechanical digestion that occurs in the small intestine C Peristalsis involves the rhythmic contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles to propel food along the GI tract D Peristalsis occurs primarily in the mouth and involves the breakdown of carbohydrates 9 Laila loves her morning coffee She found out about a new Nespresso capsule called Vivida that is a vitamin infused coffee with vitamin B 12 in it She drinks several cups a day She doesn t really love the taste of coffee so she adds lots of sugar and cream She uses these sugary vitamin packed coffees as justification for why she does not need to eat fruits and vegetables What should you tell her A While she might be reaching adequate levels of vitamins and minerals she s missing out on the fiber that is packed in fruits and vegetables so she shouldn t remove fruits veggies from her diet B The absorption of the micro and macronutrients always remains high regardless of the absolute amount consumed so she never needs to worry about eating fruits and vegetables again C If her vitamin intake of certain vitamins is high enough her GI tract will decrease its absorption of that vitamin but the absorption of the carbohydrate and fat won t be affected by the quantity absorption for these is always high D A and B E A and C 10 True or False Among the many characteristics of digestion and absorption that have been key to our survival over the millennia is the efficiency of macronutrient absorption Regardless the amount we consume we are very efficient at absorbing them maximizing our chances of survival A True B False For 11 14 match the organ on the right with the description on the left Use each answer only once 11 Absorption of vitamin K produced by bacteria can happen here 12 Helps with secretion of gastric juices 13 Denaturation of proteins happens here 14 The primary site of digestion absorption A Small intestine B Stomach C Mouth D Large intestine 3 15 Blanche Dorothy and Rose are all trying to lose weight Blanche is on a standard low fat diet Dorothy is following a low carb high protein diet and Rose is on a liquid diet After 3 months of dieting which of the following statements is most likely to be correct A Dorothy has lost the most weight because her appetite has been better controlled by the presence of protein fat B Blanche has lost the most weight because her appetite has been better controlled by the absence of C Rose has lost the most weight because her appetite has been controlled by the presence of just liquids 16 Proponents of the raw food diet say that because cooking destroys the digestive enzymes that exist naturally in food eating lots of cooked food decreases our own digestive capability thereby leading to weight gain This is A True If we can t digest food it turns to fat in the body the obesity epidemic can be traced in part to the low consumption of these enzymes due to our poor intake of fresh raw fruits and vegetables B False We produce more than enough of our own digestive enzymes and are not dependent on outside sources 17 Peyton wants to minimize the risk of experiencing a burning sensation in their chest