NTR 301 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I Agents that can lower the nutrient amount in food A Fresh vs canned and frozen foods II Problems with Assessing Dietary Intake III Assessing Nutritional Status Outline of Current Lecture I Assessing Nutritional Status Continued II Studying Diet Disease Relationships A Indirect Procedures for Studying Diet Disease Relationships 1 Differences in groups across different countries 2 Differences in groups within a single country 3 Differences in individuals within a region 4 Limits of epidemiological studies Current Lecture Assessing Nutritional Status Continued Significant changes in body composition happen slowly over time Appearance Skin and hair differences These are not good indicators because nutritional deficiencies in the U S is very uncommon ex Cracks in the corner of the mouth Could be a riboflavin deficiency but is more likely to be from frequent lip licking or allergies These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Also nutritional deficiencies display changes from the inside out By the time outward appearance of a nutrient deficiency occurs it is a severe deficiency Mood and Energy Depression tiredness could indicate an iron deficiency Supplement manufacturers use these two factors in advertising because they are common in the population The majority of people with these symptoms have them due to a factor other than deficiency Studying Diet Disease Relationships Study designs are grouped into direct and indirect procedures They are used as tools to study these relationships Indirect Procedures for Studying Diet Disease Relationships Referred to as epidemiological studies these are observational Studies who gets a disease and what is different about this groups from those who do not get the disease In nutrition it is the above related to dietary intake NO changes are made in the study Differences in groups across different countries Data has already been collected by s government agency gives a wider range of intake for a nutrient than what usually would be found in one country because of similar dietary intakes This is usually the first indicators of a diet disease relationship and can give rise to further research into the relationship strength Differences in groups within a single country regional differences in one country example higher death rates from strokes in SE USA This could indicate environmental causes where diet could be a possible factor Differences in individuals within a region researchers keep data on individuals for years cohort about diet and health Example Harvard Nurses Health Studies Limits of epidemiological studies Self reported data on diet recall and recording Could be confounding factor Associated with exposure and outcome makes the two factors appear more related than they are Confounders are part of the lifestyle researchers have to know how to find and control them there are many factors and controlling just one is difficult Example Women who eat high fat have a greater chance of getting breast cancer than those with low fat diets an epidemiological study Women with a high fat diet exposure could be overweight confounder which could also contribute to getting breast cancer outcome These studies are observational and cannot prove anything