NTR 301 1st edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I ULs A UL is defined as the Tolerable Upper Intake Level 1 Developed because of concerns about the use of high dose supplements 2 If nutrient consumption exceeds levels that can be gained from food naturally any physiological effect that occurs is acting as a drug Example Niacin 3 Represents a level of intake with a low risk for adverse effects ll Final points on DRIs for vitamins minerals protein and fiber A They represent the upper limit of need for most of the US population 1 These levels are safe even if an individual s needs are exceeded 2 They are estimates that are designed to exceed the needs of almost all 97 5 healthy people 3 To be met over a period of time 4 They are designed for healthy people only Outline of Current Lecture I The DRIs for Fat Carbohydrate and Protein A Why were they developed B How are they expressed C Why are there two different DRIs for protein and which is more important II Percentages Current Lecture The DRIs for Fat Carbohydrate and Protein They were created because of micronutrient deficiency diseases that had dissipated Heart disease was developing as the lead cause of death There originally were not DRI values for fats and carbohydrates Researchers thought reducing saturated fats was important to reducing heart disease risk Remember that American culture has involved a lot of meat and animal products in their diet which contains saturated fat These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Fats and carbohydrates constitute 80 90 of total calorie intake Fixed gram amounts are not set because if they exceeded an individuals actual need the individual would gain weight because of excess calories Fats and carbohydrates are expressed as percentages of total calorie intake Fat 20 35 Carbohydrate 45 65 Protein 10 35 Percentage is a relative term Americans declined their percentage of total calories coming from fat and increased the total percentage of intake from fat between 1970 and 2000 Obesity was also on the rise during this time Because of this it was believed that calories caused weight gain Remember the denominator which is total calories in this case Total calorie intake increased by 150 300 calories a day during this time Half of these calories came from soft drinks which shifted the ratio of carbohydrates to fats There are two different DRIs for protein It is involved in calorie contribution to the diet and is therefore included as a percentage of total calories The gram DRI is more important because protein is important for its other functions which energy is a lesser function