cause of earthquakes plate tectonics volcanism meteorite impact atomic explosions dam building injecting uids into the ground waves surface waves across near surface of the earth body waves within the earth primary p push pull surface aves ravel along the surface of the earth also called long waves primary waves p compress and pull thus changing both shape and volume of intervening material in granite approx 6 kmps 10 mph in water 1 5 kmps 2 5 mph faster in solids than liquids secondary waves s only change shape of intervening material granite 3 5 kmps uid 0 kmps
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