UNT GEOL 1610 - Exam 1 Study Guide (2 pages)

Unformatted text preview:

GEOL 1610 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 5 Introduction Physical Geology Physical geology studies Earth materials such as minerals and rocks as well as the processes that operate within Eartch and on its surface Historical Geology Historical geology examines the origin and evolution of Earth its continents oceans atmosphere and life Plate Tectonics I II III Plate large slab of rock Sea floor spreading a Ocean ridges weak zones b Create new oceanic crust Convergent boundaries a Oceanic continental convergence make long narrow curving trenches b Oceanic Oceanic convergence one is usually subducted and a trench is formed c Continental continental convergence Buckle push upwards or sideways Minerals I II III IV V VI Atoms have a nucleus and negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons Elements specific atoms like oxygen and hydrogen Ion an atom with a negative charge after gaining an extra electron Isotopes 2 or more forms of a certain element Bonds a Ionic i These are weak bonds in which electrons are transferred between the atoms b Covalent i These are strong bonds in which the atoms share electrons c Metallic i Freely moving electrons Most important mineral properties a Color VII b Hardness Mohs scale hardness reflects the relative strength of the bond within the crystal c Cleavage Volcanoe types a Stratovolcano i Talles symmetrical ii Mainly andesitic but variable iii Interbedded lavas and pyroclastics iv Fissure eruptions parasitic cones b Shield Volcano i Lava tubes ii Steep walled caldera iii Late eruption stage 1 More viscous 2 More pyroclastics c Cinder cone i Deep Crater steep slopes ii Small iii Short lived iv Lapilli dominate ash and bombs d Caldera i Collapse crater type ii Huge eruptions