Chapter 11 Disorders of Swallowing 1 Explain why SLPs are involved in diagnosis and treatment of swallowing disorders a They are involved because communication and swallowing problems often occur together and share common structures and functions 2 What are the stages of swallowing a Oral preparatory phase b Oral phase i ii Oral prep when bolus is in mouth Oral transport when the bolus is moving back 3 Know the common causes for dysphagia in adults c Pharyngeal phase d Esophageal phase a Stroke cortical brainstem b Traumatic Brain Injury c Neuromuscular diseases d Dementia 4 Know what is involved with swallowing treatment a Consistencies i Water is the most difficult to swallow b Thickening things up will help with swallowing c Aspiration puts them at risk for pneumonia which can lead to death If they are not safe to swallow any consistencies SLPs recommend a feeding tube 1 Nasal tube more short term d Strengthening exercises e Techniques i i If the patient can t close vocal folds then they are at risk for fluid going down so you could have them turn their head and it brings their folds in safe 6 Be able to define a bolus When does the tongue form a bolus When does the tongue 5 What can swallowing problems result in a Aspiration when the bolus drops into airway b Malnutrition poor hydration move it to the back a Bolus food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva b Tongue forms a bolus in oral phase c Tongue moves bolus to the back in oral phase 7 Be able to define dysphagia a Used to describe any difficulty discomfort or disorder of swallowing 8 Be able to describe the oral phase of swallowing a Role is to move bolus to rear of oral cavity and prepare it for propulsion down the b Tongue propels bolus to back of mouth with a stripping action as tongue presses throat upward against hard palate i This movement creates PRESSURE 9 Be able to describe the anticipatory phase oral prep of swallowing a Prepares substance to be swallowed b Food liquid is manipulated and chewed and mixed with saliva to make the bolus c Soft palate lowers towards tongue to contain bolus and prohibit flow of material into the pharynx until bolus is adequately formed d Time to complete this phase varies depending on substance 10 Know the definition of aspiration a When food or drinks enter the airway 11 What happens when the velopharyngeal port does not close during swallowing a The food could go up into the nasal cavity 12 In what population do swallowing disorders occur a All populations children and adults b Approx 10 million Americans are evaluated each year with swallowing difficulties 13 Understand and define a modified barium swallow a X ray technology b Uses barium because it shows up on an x ray to show what the patient is swallowing c Administration and observation of liquids and foods coated with barium in this order i Thin liquids thickened liquids pureed soft solid regular solid pills 14 Be able to define and understand what FEES refers to and stands for a Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing b Provides direct view of the swallowing mechanism c Fiberoptic endoscope passed through nose into pharynx d Provides a real time picture of swallowing before and after the swallow occurs e Pharyngeal movement during swallow makes an actual image impossible during the swallow itself 1 What is the entry level requirement for ASHA s CCC in Audiology Chapter 12 Audiology and Hearing Loss a Doctorate b AED Doctor in Audiology 2 What structures is the auditory system made up of a Outer ear inner ear and middle ear 3 Know the anatomy of the outer ear inner ear and middle ear 4 What is another name for the eardrum a Tympanic membrane 5 What is the Eustachian tube a Connects the middle ear to the pharynx and allows equalization of pressure 6 Know the auditory nerve a CRANIAL NERVE 8 VIII b Takes the info produced by the cochlea hair cells basically transduce the chemical energy into electric info and that is sent through the auditory nerve and that s where we process sounds 7 What is a conductive hearing loss What is a sensorineural hearing loss What frequencies are usually affected with sensorineural hearing loss What type of hearing loss accompanies aging a Conductive hearing loss caused by a problem conducting sound through the outer ear ear canal ear drum or middle ear b Sensorineural hearing loss damage to hair cells or auditory nerve i Frequencies affected higher frequency c Hearing loss that accompanies aging sensorineural 8 What is occlusion of the ear canal referred to as a Blockage specifically refers to that in a drum feeling you get when your hearing aid or ear mold plugs up your ear canal 9 What is a pressure equalization PE tube used for a Placed in eardrum b Used to elevate pressure and drain fluids that causes ear infections 10 What type of hearing loss is usually permanent a Sensorineural 11 Know what cochlear implants are used for a Acts as hair cells and transduces the wave to descend to the auditory nerve b Functions as a cochlea 12 Know the prevalence of hearing loss that is educationally significant amongst children in the US a 83 in 1 000 children in the United States 13 Know what intensity and frequency are measured in a Intensity decibels b Frequency hertz 14 What are the ossicle bones Incus anvil a b Malleus hammer c Stapes stirrup a Angle of the Eustachian tube 16 Know what otoscopic inspection is 17 Know what tympanometry is 15 Why are children more susceptible to fluid buildup in the ear as compared to adults a Evaluate physical status of pinna external auditory canal and tympanic membrane a Objective test of middle ear function and eardrum mobility 18 What are hearing aids used for Know the different types of hearing aids a Electronic device used for amplification b Can be partially or fully implanted c Types i Behind the Ear BTE 1 Ex open fit hearing aids In the Ear ITE In the Canal ITC Completely in the Canal CIC Older types body type aid eyeglass ii iii iv v Chapter 13 Augmentative and Alternative Communication 1 Know what population uses AAC and who in particular it is meant to help a Population anyone whose spoken and or written communication is temporarily or permanently inadequate for their needs b Meant to help people with congenital conditions i Intellectual disabilities cerebral palsy autism developmental apraxia of speech specific language impairment c Acquired conditions Physical conditions ALS MS spinal cord injury people in intensive acute care Cognitive