Ch 1 A Journey from Student to Professional September 1 2011 Communication Disorders Specialists Audiologists Professional Aides Speech Language Pathologists SPLs Speech Language and Hearing Scientists What Audiologists Do Measure hearing ability Identify assess test manage and prevent disorders of hearing and balance o Determines what environmental adjustments need to be made Evaluate and assist those with auditory processing disorders APD o APD problems processing auditory information i e cocktail party effect Select fit and dispense hearing aids and other amplification devices Treats hearing loss related to diminished auditory signal Where Audiologists Work Educational settings Clinics and hospitals primarily Government agencies affiliated with VA hospitals Audiologists are independent professionals no prescription from another healthcare provider Industry hearing aid companies is needed Audiologist Credentials Currently Master s Degree o Prescribed study including clinical practice Beginning in 2012 Doctorate o AUD minimum degree required After formal training o Additional clinical experience CFY o Pass national exam ASHA ASHA CCC A Certificate of Critical Competence o National level o CFY clinical fellowship year State license some states have reciprocity some do not What SLPs Do Identify assess treat and prevent speech and language disorders Speech articulation voice quality stuttering Language formulating ideas thoughts in written and oral forms o Receptive how people understand what they hear and expressive how people express their ideas o Multiple modalities speech writing picture manual Participate in assessment and treatment of swallowing disorders Modify a regional or foreign dialect modify and accent selective services Where SLPs Work School systems primarily Hospitals 2 Clinics Rehab centers Nursing homes SLPs are independent professionals no prescription from another healthcare provider is needed although with insurance doctors need to sign off on prescriptions SLP Credentials Master s Degree minimum o Prescribed study including clinical practice After formal training o Additional clinical experience CFY o Pass national exam ASHA Public school certification ASHA CCC SLP State license Speech Language and Hearing Scientists Usually have a doctoral degree Work in universities government agencies industry research centers and clinics Extend knowledge of human communication processes and disorders o Speech Scientists explore anatomy physiology and physics of speech sound production Structural how things work o Language Scientists investigate nature of language disorders in children and adults Investigate normal language behavior o Hearing Scientists investigate nature of sound noise and hearing Professional Aides 3 Bachelors degrees minimum Titles vary o Paraprofessionals o SLPAs o Audiology assistants SLPAs may perform screening do clerical work assist in preparation of materials Audiology aides may perform screenings calibrate instruments do clerical work Aides work only with supervision cannot diagnose provide treatment Related Professions a team approach regardless of setting Family members must be involved with kids Regular and special educators Psychologists Social workers Doctors and other medical personnel Occupational therapists Physical therapists Music therapists Physicists Engineers Service Through the Lifespan SLPs and Audiologists Infants and toddlers 4 o Screening important About 2 have some disability o Hearing loss most prevalent o Developmental delays physical problems o Early Intervention EI Individualized Family Service Plan IFSP Preschoolers School age o Continuation of services or identification of new children o Prevention in language learning disabilities o Articulation problems drooling swallowing issues dyslexia ocular implants o Full range of communication swallowing issues o Communication disorders often negatively impact education Young Adults other Individuals o Traumatic brain injury TBI bike motorcycle car accidents falls o Rehabilitative efforts Over age 55 o Stroke dementia neurological disorders Communication and swallowing abilities may be affected o Age related hearing loss 25 may have hearing loss requiring assessment treatment o Strive to improve their quality of life Evidence Based Practice 5 Everything is supported by research journals studies Clinical decision making o Scientific evidence o Clinical experience o Client needs Efficacy results expected if ideal conditions are present in the office Effectiveness results expected if average conditions are present in the office Efficiency how quick are the methods to bring the best positive changes Professional Organizations ASHA founded in 1925 governing body o Promotes scientific study quality clinical services high ethical standards advocacy for those with communication disorders legistation Related professional association o Many SLPs and audiologists belong to multiple organizations see text Fig 1 1 ASHA Code of Ethics Historical Perspective Govern and discipline anyone who violates codes of conduct and ethical behavior The first American speech correctionists o Educators and others in helping medical professions The American Academy of Speech Correction est in 1925 o Precursor to ASHA o Promoted scientific inquiry and set standards for training and practice Audiology originated in 1920s o Interest surged in 1940s due to WWII vets o Clinical medical background SLPs originated from psychology linguistics stuttering fluency less respected than audiologists Civil Rights movement beginning in 1960s o Sparked legislative action aimed at individuals with handicaps equal assets 6 Ch 2 Typical and Disordered Communication September 6 2011 Human Communication Humans are social animals Communication o Exchange of ideas between sender s speakers and receiver s listeners o Multiple processes influenced by multiple factors o Effective communication satisfies needs and wants reveal feelings share information Sociolinguistics Cultural Identity o Social context is not a vacuum o How cultural identity setting and participants influence communication o Language and cultural communities age gender Different languages cultural breakdown Settings and participants influence communication i e guy at a bar mom at home attorney and judge in a courtroom different language used Means of Communication 1 Language o A socially shared tool rule governed generative and dynamic Symbols are arbitrary but