Aphasia- “without language”Hyperfluent speech- rapid speech with few pausesConcomitant DeficitsHemiparesis- weakness on one sideHemiplegia- paralysis on one sideHemisensory impairment- loss of ability to perceive sensory infoHemianopsia- affects ability to readDysphagia- drooling or gaggingAgnosia- sensory deficit makes it difficult to understand incoming sensory info, may be specific to auditory or visual infoAgrammatism- omission of unstressed words, telegraphic speechAgraphia- difficulty writingAlexia- reading problemsAnomia- difficulty naming entitiesJargon- meaningless or irrelevant speech with typical intonational patternsNeologism- novel word, may create words and use them confidentlyParaphasia- word and phoneme substitutionsVerbal stereotype- an expression repeated over and overFluent AphasiaWernicke’sImpaired to poor speech comprehensionVerbal, paraphasia, jargonImpaired reading comprehensionImpaired to poor namingImpaired to poor speech repetitionAnomicMild to moderately impaired speech comprehensionWord retrieval and misnaming good syntax and articulationGood reading comprehensionSeverly impaired in both speech and writing- namingPoor speech repetitionConductionMildly impaired to good speech comprehensionParaphasia and incorrect ordering with frequent self-correction attempts, good articulation and syntaxGood reading comprehensionUsually impaired namingPoor speech repetitionNonfluent AphasiaBroca’sSpeech comprehension is relatively goodShort sentences, agrammatism, slow, labored, with articulation, and phonological errorsUnimpaired to poor reading comprehensionPoor namingPoor speech repetitionTranscortical motorMildly impaired speech comprehensionImpaired, labored, difficulty initiating, syntactic errorsUnimpaired to poor reading comprehensionImpaired namingGood speech repetitionGlobal or mixedPoor, limited to single words or short phrases- speech comprehensionLimited spontaneous ability of a few words or stereotypesPoor reading comprehensionPoor namingPoor limited to single words or short phasesCauses of AphasiaStroke or cerebrovascular accidentMost common cause of aphasia & 3rd leading cause of deathLesion or injury leaves an area of the brain unable to function as it has beforeTypes of strokesIschemic- results from complete or partial blockage of the arteries transporting blood to the brain as in thecerebral arteriosclerosis- thickening of the wallsembolism- obstruction of blood flow caused by blood clotand thrombosis- blood flow is blocked due to plaque build up or a blood clot that is formed and does not travelTransient ischemic attack- temporary condition whose symptoms mirror those of a stroke, occurs when blow flood to some portion of the brain is blocked or reducedHemorrhagic stroke- weakened arterial wall burst under pressureAneurysm- saclike bulging in a weakened arteryArteriovenous malformation- consists of poorly formed tangle of arteries and veins that may occur in a highly viscous organ such as the brainPrimary progressive aphasiaDegenerative disorder of language, with preservation of other mental functions and of activities of daily livingTraumatic Brain InjuryEdema- swelling due to increased fluid, which can lead to increased pressureInfarction- death of tissue deprived of blood supplyHematoma- focal bleedingInterventionCognitive rehabilitation- a treatment regimen designed to increase functional abilities for everyday life by improving the capacity to process incoming informationRestorative approach- attempts to rebuild neural circuitry function through repetitive activitiesCompensatory approach- concedes that some functions will not be covered and develops alternativesDementiaUmbrella term for a group of both pathological conditions and syndromesAcquiredCharacterized by intellectual decline due to neurogenic causesAlzheimer’s DiseaseCortical pathologyPrimarily impaired in memory, language, or visuospatial skillsTerms, Ch. 7 03/03/2014Aphasia- “without language”Hyperfluent speech- rapid speech with few pausesConcomitant Deficits- Hemiparesis- weakness on one side- Hemiplegia- paralysis on one side- Hemisensory impairment- loss of ability to perceive sensory info- Hemianopsia- affects ability to read- Dysphagia- drooling or gagging- Agnosia- sensory deficit makes it difficult to understand incoming sensory info, may be specific to auditory or visual info- Agrammatism- omission of unstressed words, telegraphic speech- Agraphia- difficulty writing- Alexia- reading problems- Anomia- difficulty naming entities- Jargon- meaningless or irrelevant speech with typical intonational patterns- Neologism- novel word, may create words and use them confidently- Paraphasia- word and phoneme substitutions- Verbal stereotype- an expression repeated over and overFluent Aphasia- Wernicke’so Impaired to poor speech comprehensiono Verbal, paraphasia, jargono Impaired reading comprehensiono Impaired to poor namingo Impaired to poor speech repetition- Anomic o Mild to moderately impaired speech comprehensiono Word retrieval and misnaming good syntax and articulationo Good reading comprehensiono Severly impaired in both speech and writing- namingo Poor speech repetition- Conductiono Mildly impaired to good speech comprehensiono Paraphasia and incorrect ordering with frequent self-correction attempts, good articulation and syntaxo Good reading comprehensiono Usually impaired namingo Poor speech repetitionNonfluent Aphasia- Broca’s o Speech comprehension is relatively goodo Short sentences, agrammatism, slow, labored, with articulation, and phonological errorso Unimpaired to poor reading comprehension o Poor namingo Poor speech repetition- Transcortical motor o Mildly impaired speech comprehensiono Impaired, labored, difficulty initiating, syntactic errorso Unimpaired to poor reading comprehensiono Impaired namingo Good speech repetition- Global or mixed o Poor, limited to single words or short phrases- speech comprehensiono Limited spontaneous ability of a few words or stereotypeso Poor reading comprehensiono Poor namingo Poor limited to single words or short phasesCauses of Aphasia- Stroke or cerebrovascular accidento Most common cause of aphasia & 3rd leading cause of deatho Lesion or injury leaves an area of the brain unable to function as it has beforeo Types of strokes Ischemic- results from complete or partial blockage of the arteries transporting blood to the brain as in the cerebral arteriosclerosis- thickening of the walls embolism-