Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 9 Pattern and Texture Pattern consistent regular manner underlying structure that organizes surfaces or structures in a o Repetition of a visual element of a regular or anticipated sequence o Can be made up of lines shapes and space Repeat Pattern Quality and their relationship to each other the distance from where a pattern begins and where it begins again the effectiveness of a pattern depends on individual motifs Degree of Detail o More Detail more elegant and refined o Less Detail more casual louder Aspects of Pattern o Source Natural Man made Imagination actual objects Symbolism flag logo an idea artist found in nature example plants animal print man made objects can evoke specific memories line and shape which are not representational of representation of something other than an object o Interpretation how the source is presented or interpreted by the objects appear as they actually are flowers plant natural or manmade objects that have been distorted Naturalistic Stylized in some way shape proportion or color example dots stripes chevron Abstract Geometric non representational source is imagination stems from imagination and portray no objects o Arrangement the distribution of the motif arrangements give the same effect from any angle give same effect from the 4 directions 2 Way Arrangements All Over 4 Way Arrangement 90 turns example stripes 1 Way Arrangements Border Arrangement Spaced Arrangements same effect when turned 180 turns only one direction realistic presentation motifs placed along edge self contained compositions Key to Good Patterns o Interesting motif shapes and proportions may exist or may be created through stylizing or abstraction o Patterns have at least one color in common or in the same pattern in different color schemes o Interaction between motifs The more similar motifs are the more they seem to belong Texture the surface quality of an object o Areas of light and dark and glossiness and shadows let us know there together o Size distinction o Composition is texture 3 Senses involved with Texture o Sight o Touch o Sound Implied and Visual Texture design techniques but can t be physically felt texture that we can see due to various visual 4 Determinants of Texture o Micro Basic Fiber Content basic composition of basic element This determines performance and feel o Composite Yarn Structure different weights contribute to the texture and final product how the yarns are put together different spinning techniques and o Macro Fabric Structure Woven knitted felted loose tight woven o Finishes Mechanical treatment curling napping heat pressure Chemical Treatment water repellent Teflon etc Variation on the amount of light cast on or reflected by the surface can increase or decrease the perception of texture Texture from Light on Surface o Transparent o Translucent o Opaque reflects absorbs light admits the light can be seen through admits light details can t be seen diffused Light and Texture Lecture Notes Structural Elements of Fabrics o Fiber natural synthetic o Yarn staple filament o Construction plain weave twill satin dobby knit o Finish chemical mechanical treatments Aesthetic Properties of Texture o Drape o Luster o Hand o Density o Surface Contour o Thermal Contour Wavelength Frequency the distance between the peak of one wave and the next refers to the speed of the wave vibrations the electromagnetic energy making things visible the radian energy Light resulting from vibration of electrons Light behaves differently depending on the surface it strikes The amount of light perception is also determined by the angle the light hits the object 4 Categories of Light o Reflected Light o Represented Light o Emitted Light o Projected Light Chapter 10 11 Illusions Illusions a misinterpretation of a visual cue o Visual cues are culturally conditioned and different cultures evoke different responses Visual Illusions used to control appearance and increase cultural acceptance o Occur when we mistake visual cues choosing the host interpretation of available cues Visual Perception Kinds of Learning intentional effort to import knowledge and ideas through o Cognitive factual o Affective feelings values beliefs Ways of Learning o Conscious study and reading o Conditioning Types of Illusion implied subtle observation imitation o Static when a still image appears to be moving Geometric occurs when lines space or shape are misinterpreted Carpentered illusionary lengths widths and distortions Space and Size eye correctly estimates distances sizes where comparable images are placed close together Directional Illusion strong directional feeling within a figures is attributed to the whole figure Depth and Distance Illusions We interpret flat images as 3D objects o Foreshortening change in perspective and size as we view objects from greater distances o Ambiguous figure ground reversal or spontaneous change of position After Images we look after we have been looking for at a stimulus long enough to tire the retina then we look away and still see objects but positive is replaced with negative Irradiation the light area is diffused beyond actual shape Simultaneous Contrast colors with opposing hues or values intensifies when placed next to each other self moving illusion that appears to flicker o Autokinetic Illusions undulate waver Gestalt and Unity Gestalt the theory of visual psychology or the study of perception brain looks for similar elements we group objects of similar shapes together Gestalt Properties o Similarity o Proximity o Closure o Continuation Value Light resulting from vibration of electrons the electromagnetic energy making things visible the radian energy o Light provides illumination and color o Defines line and space and reveals the world Additive Light Theory Illumination radiated which comes packaged in units called photons all colors combine to make white level of illumination brightness depends on the energy o Lighting facilitates visual perception of products and environments 3 Reactions with Light o Reflected ex metallic o Absorbs o Admit allows light through Temperature o Light Colors light bounces off o Dark Colors absorb more light rays which are then transferred into heat Selective Absorption surface pigments absorb all the color wavelengths expect the one that is reflected to the eye Shadows created by the absence of light Principals of Design leads eye from one place to another Linear Directional Highlighting