CTE 3201 Exam 3 Study GuideChapter 9: Pattern & TexturePattern: an underlying structure that organizes surfaces or structures in a consistent, regular mannercan be described as a repeating unit of shape or form repetition of a visual element in a regular or anticipated sequenceAspects of pattern:1. Source- there are four sources for motif •Natural: very pleasing, relatable, found in nature, interesting proportions & color Floral is the #1 print in apparel•Man-made: definite limited use within apparel, evoke specific memories, definite associations•Imagination: often comes from a geometric form, lines and shapes that are not representational of actual objects •Symbolism: representation of something other than an object, and idea, and organization, logos, flags (can sometimes be negative)2. Interpretation- how the source is presented, four ways to interpret pattern•Naturalistic: objects appear as they actually are, realistically appear in nature ex. cartoon•Stylized: natural or man-made objects that have been distorted in some wayshape, proportion, colorobject is still recognizableyou can identify motif or source more artistic, interesting•Abstract: representational, source is imagination, not realistic, color and lines express ideas, emotions without creating realistic image•Geometric: stem from imagination & portrays no objects (line, shape)ex. stripes, plaid, chevron3. Arrangement- six arrangements • All-over: arrangements give the same effect from any angle, does not matter which way you look at it, have balance and harmony, repeats itself, eye moves automatically from motif to motif• Four-way: give same effect from four directions, any perspective they appear the same (90 degree turns)• Two-way: same effect when turned (180 degrees) ex. stripes• One-way: print that only works in one direction, realistic presentations, unbalanced plaids• Border: motifs placed along the edge• Spaced: self-contained compositionsA repeat is the distance from where a pattern begins and where is begins againPattern Quality: the effectiveness of a pattern depends on individual motifs and their relationship to each otherDegree of detail: more detail is more elegant, more refinedless detail is more casual or louderKey to good patterns: •Interesting motif shapes and proportions may exist or may be created thru stylizing or abstraction•patterns have at least one color in common or the same pattern in different color schemes•Interaction between motifs•The more similar motifs are the more they seem to belong together, to each other and to the wholePattern & FashionPattern attracts the eye, can be on a product’s surface, more complex, can be broken down into its own line, shape and spaceMotif’s: design arises from a source that is classified in one of the four categories:1. Natural object2. Man-made objects3. Imagination4. Symbolism1. Natural Objects•Flowers•Leaves•Snowflakes•Animal printsNatural forms lend themselves easily to patterns2. Man-made- those that are familiar as a result of experience, conversational•Teapots•Lipsticks•Beach balls•Mens ties•Children’s clothes3. Imagination- represent a cross-sensory interpretationoriginate from geometric forms- dots, plaidsvery identifiable4. Symbolism- motif’s that represent a non-concrete idea•Political movement•Religion•Organization ex. logos, flagsRealistic presentation: the motifs have their true colors, highlights, and shadowsStylized motif: the motif remains recognizable, but it is:•Simplified•Flattened•Distorted•Changed in colorFloral patterns:•Flowers vary in their scale or complexity, from mini or lingerie prints to chintz, a polished or glazed cotton•In Botanical patterns, the plants, flowers, and herbs are organized within•Number 1 pattern usedConversational patterns:•Tell a story or communicate a message•Man-made objects or symbols, or feature a cultural elementTraditional patterns: Traditional designs have been treated the same way over many yearsClassic textiles:•Foulards- patterns with tiny geometric motifs that repeat in a set layout, in format of a grid•Paisley•Calico•Liberty prints•Ditzy- tiny print, can’t always make out motifsDocumentary designs:•Batik•Ikat- more prevalent in home decor•Toile- usually on linen cloth or canvas, french origin •Art Deco•Camouflage•Liberty of LondonPatterns in fabric:Variations in the weaving process cause different numbers of weft and warp yarns to float over each other at differing distances, creating:•damask•jacquard•brocadePatterns applied to fabric surface using:•Direct printing•Discharge printing•Resist methods•Stencil•Screen printing•Rotary screen printing•Tie-dyeing•Warp printing Decorative applications that generate pattern by threads or yarns running through the surface:•Embroidery•Eyelet•Trapunto or Quilting•PatchworkPatterning- the grid defines the organization of pattern- regular intersection of vertical & horizontal linesDefining force in:•Architecture•Graphic design•ArtPop Art artist Andy Warhol set up his images using the grip as a road mapTypes of layouts:•Random layout•Allover layout•Stripe layout•Plaid layout•Border print•Engineered designPattern layout: pattern determined by its layoutPattern is influenced by the change of trends in the fashion industry, season also influences itCompanies may feature patterns that are designed as collections or coordinatesTexture: an element defined by two aspects:•visual•tactilequalities of a surface“something we want to touch”Areas of light and dark , shadow and glossiness, are what let us know that there is texture3 senses involves with texture:•Sight•Touch•SoundWhen we cannot touch a surface to feel it, our sight becomes a substitute for the sense of touchEvery surface has texture, contributes to the aestheticImplied or visual texture is that which we can “see” due to various visual design techniques, but cannot be physically feltFour determinants of Texture:1. Micro/Basic-Fiber Content:chemical composition of basic element, determines performance & feel2. Composite/Yarn Structure:How are elements put together?Different spinning techniques & different weights contribute to the texture & final product3. Macro/Fabric Structure:How are the yarns put together?•Woven•Knitted•Felted•Tight weave•Loose weave•Are the yarns blended4. Finishes:Chemical or Mechanical