Exam 2 Study Guide-Design PrinciplesCh. 13-Color-color-visual perception of certain wavelengths of light by retina of eye*things have no color of their own, reflect particular wavelength from spectrum*it absorbs all colors except for the one that it is*spectrum created by passing white light through a prism*reds, greens, blues are primary colors of light*colors of light mix according to additive process (red, green, blue overlap and make white)*white reflects, black absorbs*pigments are subtractive mixing, more pigments blended, less light reflected*process/pigment primaries- magenta, cyan, yellow, can’t be mixed from other colors-color constancy effect-even though the colors of things are changing constantly based on light, our mind still insists something is the color we know it to be (grass is “green” even though throughout the day it has many shades/colors)-Munsell Color Order System*true standardization system*pure hues are on equator of sphere, 5 on value scale*is not perfect sphere because not all hue families have same number of colors*1.describe color 2.specifically identify color 3.color relationshipsdefines color by:1)hue-colors of spectrum/color wheel (5 hues-red, blue, yellow, green, purple)*infinite amount of colors*minor hues- orange, green-yellow, blue-green, purple-blue, red-purple*achromatic-white, black, grey2)value-relative lightness or darkness of a color*tints-add white*shades-add black*lightness/darkness of any given color can be measured according to grayscale*black=0, white=103)intensity/chroma-relative saturation of hue perceived in color*brightness or dullness*determined by amount of pigment*changed by mixing a color with its complement-primary colors-red, yellow, blue-secondary-violet, green, yellow-tertiary-6, mix primary and adjacent secondary (red orange, yellow orange, yellow green, blue green, blue violet, red violet)-warm colors-vivid, energetic, advance in space (red, orange, yellow)-cool colors-calm, soothing (blue, green, purple) recede-neutral-white, black, gray-temperate-(red violet, yellow green)-color harmony-joint effect of 2 or more colors*combining colors to create visual effects puts you in control of your design*harmony and complementary are opposites-complementary colors- opposite from each other on color wheel (blue and orange)*afterimage effect-stare at area of intense color for a minute then look at white and see color, result of retinal fatigue-split complementary- a hue and the hues on each side of complement (orange, green, purple)-analogous-colors right next to each other on wheel and share a color (red, purple, red-purple)-tonality-dominance of a single color despite the presence of other colors-color discord-opposite of harmony, visually disturbing, may add interest-vibrating color effect-two colors side by side have a vibrating edge when looked at (pure red and cyan)-local color-identifying the color of an object under ordinary daylight, natural-objective color-color that we “know” objects are (blue sky, green grass)-heightened color-intensified and exaggerated colors from visual reference-emotional color-color references to feelings (feeling blue, saw red, green with envy)Color and Surroundings-use color as emotional element-same color will appear to change in value depending upon surrounding color-change within context-amounts of color and repetition of color are also critical factors-color contrast can intensify the colors of neighboring areas, make them appear more saturated (ex: complementary)-color induction makes neutral areas look a little like complementary color of surrounding area-color assimilation-changes hue of colored objects in direction of surrounding color, when they are tightly interwoven (ex yellow looking reddish next to red and bluish next to blue)*JPEG images result in a reduction in the number of colors due to compression-visual color mixing/optical mixture-place two pure colors side by side so that at a certain distance viewer’s eyes will do the mixing-pointillism-small bits of juxtaposed color to create an image-color can be used to create balance in a compositionClassic Color Schemes-monochromatic-single color-analogous-colors adjacent on wheel, one is dominant, others enrich-complementary-opposite on wheel, high contrast-split complementary-color and two colors on either side of its complement-triadic-3 colors equally spaced around color wheel (triangle)-tetradic-4 colors, 2 complementary pairs (rectangle)-square color scheme-place square on color wheel, 4 colors evenly apartIn Fashion-designers may choose a signature color-may be inspired by an art movement, culture, historic period-may want to feature garment’s construction or emphasize texture/silhouette-Roberto Cupucci-concept of haute couture as an art formColor Theory*colors have associations-yellow-most energetic of warm colors, hope, happy, joy-blue-denotes responsibility, commands respect, corporate, calm, depth, stability, loyalty-purple-luxury, wealth, playful, royalty, wisdom-black-elegant, power, mystery, death, formality-red-fire/blood, energy, danger, passion, love, strength-orange-joy, sunshine, tropics, enthusiasm, creativity, catch attention & highlight-green-nature, growth, harmony, freshness, safety, money-white-light, goodness, innocence, purity, positive, cleanlinessValue and Intensity-value present in all design-relative lightness or darkness of an object, regardless of color-objects of same value create a static design, varying values are more dynamic-more value range can create more space/depth-intense colors are fresh and vivid while low intensity colors are quiet and understated-analogous colors create disappearing boundaries-brights-clearest, most vivide palette used-pastels-white added-midtones-in between brights and pastels-jeweltones-royal colors-muted/dusty-midtones with gray-earth tones-colors of the earth, sand, rust, brown-natural sequencing-values go in gradation-unnatural/irregular sequencing-values do not go in gradation-architectural order-light to dark-typographical order-dark to lightColor Contrast-Johannes Itten-from Bauhaus, swiss expressionist painter, designer, teacher, writer, theorist*identified strategies for successful color combinations*devised 7 methodologies for coordinating colors-pure color (hue) contrast*pure color in random combinations*black and white insertion adds dynamic-light dark contrast*value-cold-warm contrast*greatest with blue-green, red-orange-complementary