This review is student made and may or may not contain information on Exam 2 This review is not intended to replace your own study materials Exam 2 Review March 4 2014 Chapter 3 1 conditioned suppression procedures a indirect measures of fear induced immobility used in investigations of fear conditioning i mice are conditioned to be afraid of a tone they are then slightly deprived of water and given water they will lick the little water dispenser pretty vigorously to get water but if you present the CS tone they will either slow down or stop licking altogether this is known as a lick suppression procedure 2 engram a a physical biological memory essentially the data that your brain stores to keep a memory present b many believe it is somewhere in the hippocampus or cerebellum 3 sign tracking or autoshaping a movement toward and possible contact with a stimulus that signals the availability of a positive reinforcer for example squirrels can predict the presence or absence of acorns in a tree based on the leaves of the tree since it has learned which seasons are those that provide acorns b often investigated in the lab by presenting a discrete localized visual stimulus just before each delivery of a small amount of food the first experiment of this sort was performed by Brown and Jenkin 1968 with pigeons the pigeons were placed in an experimental chamber that had a small circular key that could be illuminated and the pigeons could peck periodically the birds were given access to food for a short period the key light was illuminated immediately before each food delivery instead of using the key light to tell them when they should go to the food dish they would begin to peck the key itself 4 goal tracking a conditioned behavior elicited by a CS that consists of approaching the location where the US is usually presented i i i rats are placed in a small experimental chamber that has a food cup in the middle of one of the walls there is slot on either side of the food cup through which a response lever can be inserted the presentation of the lever serves as the CS and a pellet of food in the food cup serves as the US each conditioning trial consists of inserting one of the levers for a brief duration the lever is then withdrawn and the pellet of food is delivered about one third of the rats become conditioned to track the CS or goal trackers another third become sign trackers who approach touch and sometimes This review is student made and may or may not contain information on Exam 2 This review is not intended to replace your own study materials gnaw on the response lever the rest ignore the lever but approach and poke their heads into the food cup when the CS is presented 5 evaluative conditioning a how people learn to like or dislike initially neutral flavors b responsible for the majority of our likes and dislikes c used in advertising by pairing things people like i e attractive people sex love happiness money etc with their product in case you ve never seen a yogurt commercial 6 types of pavlovian conditioning procedures a short delayed conditioning i i i b trace conditioning CS starts each trial and the US is presented after a brief less than 1 minute delay the CS may continue during the US or end when the US begins same as short delayed conditioning except that the gap or trace interval between the end of the CS and the beginning of the US is longer than 1 minute c long delayed conditioning also similar to the short delayed conditioning but the US is delayed much longer 510 minutes at least and does not include a trace interval the CS lasts until the US begins d simultaneous conditioning i the CS and US being and end at the same time e backwards conditioning i US occurs shortly before CS a presenting the CS by itself without the US to see if conditioning has successfully trained the animal to have the desired response a refers to the strength of the CR b when referencing the strength of the CS use salience a how long it takes for the subject participant to elicit the CR after the 7 test trial 8 magnitude 9 latency a when exposure to just the US produces increased responding to a onset of the CS 10 pseudo conditioning previously ineffective stimulus 11 intertrial interval a the time between each conditioning trial 12 random control procedure a a type of control procedure for classical conditioning b consists of presenting the US at random times during both the CS and the intertrial interval This review is student made and may or may not contain information on Exam 2 This review is not intended to replace your own study materials c probability of US must be the same during the intertrial interval and CS 13 explicitly unpaired control a a type of control procedure for classical conditioning b consists of presenting the CS and US far enough apart to prevent their association c total number of CS and US presentations is the same as in the conditioned of paired group d considerably more reliable than the random control procedure a the view that classical conditioning involves not only learning what to 14 temporal coding hypothesis expect but when to expect it 15 inhibitory conditioning a type of pavlovian conditioning in which you learn to predict the absence of the US 16 compound stimulus test or summation test a most widely accepted procedure for the measurement of conditioned inhibition b based on idea that conditioned inhibition counteracts or inhibits conditioned excitation therefore to observe conditioned inhibition one has to measure how the presentation of a CS disrupts or suppresses responding that would normally be elicited by a CS 17 retardation of acquisition test a frequently used indirect test of conditioned inhibition b based on the idea that if a stimulus actively inhibits a particular response then it should be especially difficult to turn that stimulus into a conditioned excitatory CS c the rate of excitatory conditioning should be retarded if the CS was previously established as a conditioned inhibitor 18 object learning a learning associations between different stimulus features of an object such as what it looks like and how it tastes Chapter 4 1 latent inhibition effect or CS preexposure effect a the phenomenon that if a stimulus is highly familiar it will not be as effective as a CS than if it were novel b participants are first given repeated presentations of the CS by itself this is called the preexposure phase after the preexposure phase the CS is paired