Study Guide Exam 1 1 Communication Sciences and Disorders CSD Communication an exchange of ideas between sender and receiver Communication Disorder An impairment in the ability to receive send process or comprehend concepts of verbal nonverbal or graphic symbol systems Speech disorder evident in the atypical production of speech sounds interruption in the flow of speaking or abnormal production and or absences of voice quality including pitch loudness resonance or duration Language disorder impairment in comprehension or use of spoken written or other symbol systems Hearing disorder result of impaired sensitivity of the auditory or hearing system Central auditory processing disorders deficits in the processing of information from audible signals Communication disorders DO NOT include dialectal differences or multilingualism 2 Roles and Responsibilities of professionals in the field of CSD Audiologists specialists who measure hearing ability and identify assess manage and prevent disorders of hearing and balance Education setting Speech Language Pathologists A professional whose distinguishing role is to identify assess treat and prevent speech language communication and swallowing disorders physiological cognitive social aspects of communication Also work with those modifying regional or foreign dialect Speech Language and Hearing Scientists employed by universities gov agencies industry and research centers to extend our knowledge of human communication processes and disorders Professional Aides Paraprofessionals SLP or audiology assistants varies by state help with screening and assessment 3 Qualifications for practicing in the field of CSD Audiologists entry level master s degree prior 2012 doctorate after 2012 study hearing science the assessment and remediation of hearing loss anatomy and physiology and related subjects CCC A ASHA C s awarded by ASHA obtain state license licensed individual professionals who practice without a prescription from any other health care provider Speech Language Pathologists Independent professionals practice without prescription from any other health care provider Masters or doctorial degree Study typical communication and swallowing development anatomy and physiology of the speech and disorders of speech language and swallowing 3 Types of credentials for SLP Public School Certification clinical practice in school setting satisfactory exam score American Speech Language Hearing Association issues Certified of Clinical Competence in Speech Language Pathology CCC SLP to those with masters degree or doctorate in field Individual states licensure laws for SLP independent of the state s department of education school certification requirements for private practice or hospital clinic or other setting besides public school Speech Language and Hearing Scientists earn doctorate degree PhD or EdD 4 Professional Organizations for CSD specialists CCC A Certification of Clinical Competence in Audiology ASHA American Speech Language Hearing Association nonprofit organization advocate on behalf of persons with communication and related disorders 5 Differences between communication speech and language advancing communication science promoting effective human communication all means of communication Language a socially shared code for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule governed combinations of those symbols Characteristics Socially shared tool Rule governed system Arbitrary code Generative process Dynamic scheme ex reason we can not understand baby babble it s code is not shared Arbitrary b c different in each language some English words don t translate is other languages Grammar rules of language ex the brown cow vs the cow brown linguistic intuition a language user s underlying knowledge about the system of rules pertaining to his or her native language linguistic competence Language is generative meaning we paraphrase and modify not just repeat or quote It is dynamic meaning it changes over time Speech acoustic representation of language Articulation how speech sounds are formed fluency smoothness of rhythm and rate Smooth forward flow of communication rate the speed at which something occurs In speech this may be the number of words or syllables in a given period of time voice components are pitch loudness quality pitch the perceptual counterpart to fundamental frequency associated with the speed of vocal fold vibrations LISTENER S PERCEPTION OF HOW HIGH OR LOW A SOUND IS habitual pitch basic frequency level that an individual uses most of the time PITCH A SPEAKER USES MOST OF THE TIME intonation pitch movement within an utterance 6 Components of LANGUAGE and key terms definitions and examples phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics FORM phonology sound system of language Phonotactic Rules How sounds can be arranged in words morphology structure of words Morpheme smallest grammatical unit Free Morphemes stand alone as a word cat go like can t break root word Bound Morphemes s ing ful dis cats 1 free morpheme and 1 bound can break apart syntax how words are arranged in sentences CONTENT semantics the meaning of language Semantic features pieces of meaning that define a word USE pragmatics the use function or purpose of communication the study of communicative acts and context how and why we use language varies with culture American ex 1 do not interrupt 2 each utterance should be relevant 3 topics must be established maintained and ended 7 Communication through the Life Span o PAGE 34 TABLE 2 1 o Early communication b w infants and caregivers fosters speech language development o Speech and language skills continue to change throughout o Modes of communication may change o New vocabulary is developed o The key to becoming a communicator is being treated as oe s life one o Biological basis of language is not the only factor social interaction is very important 8 Acquired vs Congenital Disorders TIME ONSET Time at which communication impairments occur Range mild profound Acquired result of illness accident or environmental circumstances later in life vs Congenital Present at birth Articulation etc Be able to recognize examples descriptions of each type of disorder LANGUAGE DISORDERS Disorders of FORM Fluency Voice 9 Types of Speech and language disorders Phonology not producing word endings Morphology incorrect use of past tense Syntax incorrect word order Disorders of CONTENT SEMANTICS Limited vocabulary difficulty