COM 107 Exam 2 10 31 Chapter 8 Key Terms o Wire Services commercial organizations such as the associated o Yellow Journalism newspaper style that peaked in the 1890s and o Investigative Journalism news reports that hunt out and expose o Objective Journalism a modern style of journalism that o Partisan Press journalism distinguished by opinion newspapers which generally argued one political point of view o Penny Papers newspapers that were able to drop their price to one cent in the 1830s thereby making papers affordable to working and emerging middle classes and enabling newspapers to become a genuine mass medium o Human Interest Stories news accounts that focus on the trials and tribulations of the human condition often featuring ordinary individuals facing extraordinary challenges press that share news stories and information by relaying them around the country and the world via satellite emphasized high interest stories sensational crime news large headlines and serious reports that exposed corruption in business and the government corruption particularly in business and government distinguishes factual reports from opinion columns reporters strive to stay neutral o Inverted Pyramid Style news reports begin with the most dramatic or newsworthy information answering the 5 Ws at the top of the story and then trail off with less significant details o Interpretive Journalism involves analyzing and explaining key issues or events and placing them in a broader historical or social context fictional storytelling techniques to nonfictional material newspapers that promote social and economic harmony by providing community calendars and meeting notices and carrying articles on local issues o Conflict Oriented Journalism found in metropolitan areas define news primarily as events issues or experiences that deviate from social norms journalist sees their role as an observer who monitors the city s problems o Literary Journalism aka new journalism news reports that adapt o Consensus Oriented Journalism found in small communities Review Questions o Underground Press radical newspapers that question mainstream political policies and conventional values o Newshole the space left over in a newspaper for news content after all the ads are placed o Feature Syndicates commercial outlets or brokers that contract with newspapers to provide work from well known political writers editorial cartoonists comic strip artists and self help columnists throughout the country permits competing newspapers to operate separate editorial divisions while merging business and production operations o Paywall an online portal that charges consumers a fee for access to news content o Citizen Journalism activist amateurs and concerned citizens use the Internet and blogs to disseminate news and information o Newspaper Chain a large company that owns several papers o Joint Operating Agreement JOA economic arrangement that o The limitations of a press that serves only partisan interests is that it only shows limited points of view The earliest papers appealed mainly to more privileged readers because the readers were mainly educated and wealthy men who controlled local politics and commerce o Newspapers emerged as a mass medium during the penny press era because the middle class began to become more literate and the papers were now only one cent Content changes made this happen because they began to have human interest stories and other non political sections o The two main features of yellow journalism are that they are overly dramatic and that they are the legacy and roots that the yellow press provided for investigative journalism o Joseph Pulitzer contributed to newspaper history by publishing plain writing illustrations sensational stories advice columns and women s pages and by treating advertising as news Pulitzer prize named after him o William Randolph Hearst contributed to newspaper history by focusing on sensational stories that appealed to immigrant readers by using large headlines and bold layout designs he invented fake interviews and pictures and encouraged conflict o Objective journalism developed because newspapers wanted to appear more impartial in order to satisfy all of their clients A limitation to this style is that it is insufficient for explaining complex national and global conditions o Interpretive forms of journalism developed in the modern era because the world was becoming more complex and they needed to reexplore o Ethnic minority and oppositional newspapers have provided o Newspaper chains became an economic trend in the 20th century the analytical function of news A limitation to this style is that it has little ability to report anything beyond the bare facts viewpoints that are different from the mostly middle and upper class attitudes that have shaped the media because of the movement toward oligopolies in which a handful of corporations control each industry o A joint operating agreement allows 2 competing papers keep separate news divisions while merging business and production operations for a period of years o The major reasons for the decline in US newspaper circulation figures are the rise of radio network television and more women work full time outside of the home While the US and Europe have been declining in newspaper readership Asia Africa and South America have increased readership as online blogs having wealthy universities buy and support papers for their public or to get money from Internet companies because it is positive for both of them o The current state of citizen journalism is that many professional news media organizations are trying to get citizen journalists as an inexpensive way to make up for journalists lost to newsroom downsizing o New online news sites face challenges such as that they do not have the funding and resources to provide these services at the same level of full news operations and that there are limited levels of new content o New technology threatens the newspaper industry due to things such o Some possible business models for running a newspaper today are o A newspaper s role in democracy is to champion freedom o Newspaper journalism is different from the journalism of other mass media because they are the ones who are actually doing the reporting on the street Hollenback s Notes 2012 NEWS SAW o A continuing erosion of news reporting sources o Newspaper cutbacks down 30 o Sports weather and traffic 40 of local TV news o Cable TVs coverage