Exam 2 Reading Notes Deception pg 327 332 A type of hurtful message Expecting others to be truthful is a basic feature of conversation People report lying in about 25 of their daily interactions facet to face and computer mediated Some studies say deception is higher in face to face Face to face deception is characterized by lying about where you live and salary Computer mediated deception is characterized by lying about physical appearance and personal interests In a study only 1 3 logged conversation were truthful and the other 2 3 was exaggeration or intentional concealment Types of deception Lying is one form of deception Deception is all communications or omissions that serve to distort or omit the truth Bullet and Burgoon defined deception as intentionally managing verbal or nonverbal messages so that a receiver will believe or understand something in a way that the sender knows is false If the deception wasn t intentional on the part of the sender it s a mistake 5 Primary types of deception 1 Lies falsifications or fabrications 2 Equivocations evasion making an indirect ambiguous or contradictory statement such as saying that your friend s new hairstyle is the latest fashion when asked if you like it 3 Concealments Concealing or omitting information one knows is relevant or important to the given context 4 Exaggerations overstatements stretching the truth a little to make oneself look better or to spice up a story 5 Understatements opposite of exaggeration minimizing or downplaying the truth Motives for deceptions Partner focused to avoid hurting partner to help partner maintain self esteem to avoid worrying partner and to protect partner s relationship with a third party Self focused To make oneself look better or shield themselves from anger embarrassment or criticism Relationship focused For deceiving a partner avoiding relational harm from conflict trauma or unpleasant experiences Detecting deception No completely reliable indicators of deception Speech hesitations and body movements can also be anxiety or nervousness Eye contact also unreliable detector because some people know how to look you straight in the eye and lie Harder to detect deception in text messages Advantages of Relational Closeness Easier to detect deceptions in close relationships behavioral familiarity Informational familiarity You know certain info about your partner so they can t lie to you about it Disadvantages of Relational Closeness Truth bias Enter conversation expecting people to be honest Behavioral control People try to control their nervous or guilty behaviors to appear friendly or truthful Leakage and deception clues body movements slips of the tongue Micro expressions facial expressions that last 1 25 second Feelings about deception and effects on encoding process Chapter 2 Communicating Identity The Social Self Social Learning Theory Children reproduce roles and if they get positive attention they retain that role Adapted Self What we develop to please others Shadow and Shadow Projection Unconscious part other people can see it you can t see it The part you hide from others not willing to see and we project it onto others when we see they possess a little part of this in them Dramaturgical Perspective by Goffman we constantly enact performances geared for audiences with the purpose of advancing a beneficial image for ourselves front stage vs backstage Face Face threatening acts FTA are behaviors that detract from an individual s identity by threatening either their pos or neg face desires 1 The more important the rule that is violated the more severe the FTA 2 The more harm the behavior produces the more severe the FTA 3 The more the actor is directly responsible for the behavior the more severe the FTA 4 The more of an imposition the behavior is the more severe the FTA 5 The more power the receiver has over the sender the more severe the FTA 6 The larger the social distance between sender and receiver the more severe the FTA Facework and Politeness 1 Pos and Neg face are inherent part of social interaction people in constant struggle to do what they want and what makes them look good 2 Pos and Neg face can be validated or threatened by interaction 3 Both members of an interaction are motivated to avoid threatening either their own or the interaction partner s face needs Pp 316 319 Parent Child Relationships Pp 326 327 Hurtful Messages Pp 174 180 Supportive Communication Pp 202 211 Attachment Theory