Human Reproductive Endocrinology Males Androgen Binding Protein ABP Pituitary testicular axis 1 GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone is released from hypothalamus 2 stimulates release of FSH follicle stimulating hormone and LH lutenizing hormone LH is also called interstitial cell stimulating hormone 3 LH stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone 4 FSH stimulates Sertoli sustentacular cells to secrete androgen binding protein ABP 5 ABP testosterone stimulate the production of sperm cells 6 Sertoli cells also secrete inhibin inhibits the production of FSH Pituitary testicular axis Effects of testosterone provides negative feedback to hypothalamus and AP maintains sex organs primary sex characteristics testis penis associated ducts that carry sperm maintains secondary sex characteristics deep voices body hair facial hair increased muscle mass stupidity Stimulates spermatogenesis During luteal phase During follicular phase Human Reproductive Endocrinology Females The Follicle Primary oocyte plus support cells stopped in prophase I before birth FSH triggers meiosis again by step 7 ovulation metaphase II complete Ovulation Secondary oocyte plus some of the supporting cells Support cells remaining in ovary form corpus luteum The ovary is where the developing oocyte egg cell matures The ovary meiosis oocyte surrounded by follicle cells secrete hormones 1 AP 2 FSH LH 3 estrogen Pituitary ovarian axis Follicular phase Ovl n Luteal phase Follicular Phase 1 rising levels of GnRH cause ant pit to release FSH and LH 2 FSH and LH cause follicle to grow and mature 3 maturing follicle starts to secrete estrogen just a little at first the estrogen inhibits the release of FSH LH but stimulates their production 1 AP 5 FSH LH 2 FSH LH 3 estrogen Pituitary ovarian axis 4 estrogen 6 Follicular phase Ovl n Luteal phase Follicular Phase cont 4 as the follicle continues to grow more and more estrogen enters blood 5 high estrogen level stimulates ant pit to release stored LH FSH Ovulation 6 this surge of LH triggers ovulation 1 AP 5 FSH LH 2 FSH LH 3 estrogen 8 estrogen progesterone Pituitary ovarian axis 4 estrogen 6 7 Follicular phase Ovl n Luteal phase Luteal Phase 7 ruptured follicle is now called the corpus luteum 8 corpus luteum takes over estrogen and progesterone production also produce inhibin inhibit the production of anymore FSH If fertilization does not occur corpus luteum will degenerate menstruation occurs and the cycle begins again Pituitary ovarian axis Follicular phase Ovl n Luteal phase Ovarian cycle changes in ovaries Menstrual cycle changes in uterus Proliferative phase mitosis increased vascularization addition of progesterone receptors Secretory phase progesterone controlled endometrium thickens further if no pregnancy Menstrual phase menses Effects of estrogen Different types of estrogen estradiol estriol Estrone Maintain primary sexual characteristics Ovaries uterus oviducts vaginal canal Maintain secondary sexual characteristics development of breasts and nipples distribution of body fat flare of pelvis Libido and pubic axillary hair controlled by androgens adrenal gland ovaries Follicular phase Ovl n Luteal phase
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