BIOL 240W 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Reproductive SystemII. TestosteroneIII. Reproductive Endocrinology (Females)Outline of Current LectureI. OvariesII. UterusIII. Coitus (Intercourse)IV. Other Animals / Reproductive SystemsCurrent LectureExam covers everything through lecture on April 1I. Ovariesa. Place where the gametes (oocytes) are formedb. Move out of the ovary and are drawn into oviduct by ciliai. If fertilization occurs, it occurs in the oviduct and this egg cell becomes a fertilized zygoteii. The cell, whether fertilized or unfertilized, moves into the uterus.II. Uterusa. Upside down pear shaped structureb. Non-pregnant females have a uterus the size of their fistc. There are three layers of cells:i. Endometrium1. Inner lining of cells, line entire inside of uterus2. Zygote implants here- the zygote buries itself in the endometrium and relies on blood from living endometriumii. Myometrium1. “myo”-muscle2. Muscle cells that form the wall of the uterus3. Most powerful muscle in the bodyiii. Perimetrium1. “Peri”- aroundThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Line the outside of the urerusd. Cervixi. Thick muscular neck of the uterusii. Opens into vaginal canal (vagina)1. Another muscular tube of muscle2. Between uterus and outside world3. Contains rugae (folds of muscle lining vagina)4. Site of sperm depositione. Vaginal orifice is the opening of the vaginal canal to the outside worldi. Is not the urethral orifice, where urine leaves the bodyf. External Genitaliai. Vuvla is formed by the labia majora (laterally) and labia (minora). These are two folds of tissueii. Vaginal orifice is found in the center. In young women, it is covered by the hymeniii. Urethral orifice is located near the frontiv. Clitoris is homologous to the glans penis and contains spongy erectile tissue1. Contains: a rounded head (glans), a short shaft, and a prepuceIII. Coitus (intercourse)a. Sperm is ejaculated into vaginal canal near the cervix (not inside the cervix)b. Sperm must travel out of vaginal canal, through cervix, uterus, and into the oviductc. Uterus secretes mucin, which is a protein that turns watery substances into mucus. Lead directly from cervix to oviducts, and sperm swims along themd. Sperm cells may or may not find an egg cell, even if the woman is ovulatinge. During sexual arousali. Structures fill with blood (vasocongest)ii. The vaginal wall releases lubricant1. Vaginal transudateiii. Greater vestibular glands (on other side of vaginal opening) also release a lubricant, as well as paraurethral glands and lesser vestibular glandsf. During orgasm, uterine and vaginal smooth muscles contract rhythmicallyg. After orgasm, everything goes back to normal, and women do not have a refractory period like menIV. Other animals/ reproductive systemsa. Bee biologyi. Same basic structuresii. Spermatheca is an extra holding area for sperm. Female bees can store sperm for a year or moreb. Flatwormsi. Hermaphroditesii. Flatworms have testis, ducts to carry sperm, seminal vesicle, as well as ovaries, oviducts, and uterus in the same organismiii. Self fertilization as well as sexual reproductionc. Non-mammalian vertebratesi. Ovaries, tubes, uterus, but do have a cloaca, which is uniqueii. Cloaca is similar to the external anatomy, but folded
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