1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys a bile production b excretion of excess ions c release of erythropoietin d activation of vitamin D Urine collection occurs in the region of the kidney a cortex b medulla c hilum d pelvis What fraction of the cardiac output is delivered to the kidneys each minute a 1 1000 b 1 2 c 1 4 d 3 4 The blood filtering structure of the kidney are called a Bowman s capsule b renal tubules c glomeruli d nephrons The urine forming units of the kidney are the a Bowman s capsule b renal tubules c glomeruli d nephrons Based on the histology of each tubule portion which secretion would be most severely inhibited if simple squamous epithelium were damaged a proximal convoluted tubule b thin segment of the loop of Henle c thick segment of the loop of Henle d distal convoluted tubule The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney a glomeruli b juxtamedullary nephrons 11 29 15 1 11 29 15 6 7 8 9 10 11 d nephrons Based on the histology of each tubule portion which secretion would be most severely inhibited if simple squamous epithelium were damaged a proximal convoluted tubule b thin segment of the loop of Henle c thick segment of the loop of Henle d distal convoluted tubule The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney a glomeruli b juxtamedullary nephrons c afferent arterioles d cortical nephrons The juxtaglomerular cells secrete while the macula densa cells release a aldosterone sodium chloride b renin aldosterone c renin a vasoconstrictor d angiotensin aldosterone Which of the following factors contribute to the higher filtration rate in the glomerular capillaries compared to other capillary beds a the glomerular capillaries are fenestrated b the diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole c the visceral layer of the Bowman s capsule is very porous d all of the above Which of the following substances would not be found in normal filtrate a water b urea c proteins d glucose How would eating a high protein diet affect filtration a due to higher colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular blood the net filtration pressure would be lower and less filtrate would form b too much protein in the diet would abolish all filtration c high blood pressure from increased plasma proteins would increase filtration to twice its rate d filtration would be unchanged but the kidneys would suffer damage 12 What type of response by the afferent arterioles would you expect if blood pressure increased 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 c proteins d glucose How would eating a high protein diet affect filtration a due to higher colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular blood the net filtration pressure would be lower and less filtrate would form b too much protein in the diet would abolish all filtration c high blood pressure from increased plasma proteins would increase filtration to twice its rate d filtration would be unchanged but the kidneys would suffer damage What type of response by the afferent arterioles would you expect if blood pressure increased a the afferent arterioles would constrict b the afferent arterioles would dilate c the afferent would stimulate release renin d the afferent arterioles would not respond to blood pressure changes Autoregulatory mechanisms are most effective a for renin secretion b when the arterial pressure drops below 80 mm Hg c at releasing epinephrine d when the arterial pressure is between 80 and 180 mm Hg Extrinsic controls regulate glomerular filtration rate as a means of regulating a systemic blood pressure b cardiac output c urine formation d red blood cell production Which of the following general functions can be assigned to the renin angiotensin system a water conservation b blood pressure elevation c lowering blood sodium levels d both a and b Of the filtered solutes what percentage is reabsorbed by the renal tubule a 1 b 100 c 99 d 50 What would be the effect on urine output if sodium channels in the tubule cells were inhibited a it would increase 11 29 15 3 16 17 18 19 20 21 b blood pressure elevation c lowering blood sodium levels d both a and b Of the filtered solutes what percentage is reabsorbed by the renal tubule a 1 b 100 c 99 d 50 What would be the effect on urine output if sodium channels in the tubule cells were inhibited a it would increase b it would decrease c it would remain unchanged d it would decrease by 90 Why is glucose in the urine an indicator of diabetes mellitus a when blood glucose is very high the filtered glucose occupies all the transport carriers and it is no longer reabsorbed b because diabetics cannot regulate their glucose c normally glucose is secreted into the filtrate d none of the above Why do high levels of potassium stimulate aldosterone secretion a aldosterone stimulates potassium secretion at potassium specific pumps b aldosterone stimulates the sodium potassium pump to reabsorb sodium while simultaneously secreting potassium c aldosterone stimulates the sodium potassium pump to secrete sodium while simultaneously reabsorbing potassium d high levels of potassium accompany high levels of sodium Which of the following processes is important for regulating blood pH a secretion b reabsorption c filtration d renin secretion Drinking too much alcohol results in headache the next day Why does this happen a alcohol stimulates pain receptors in the brain b alcohol stimulates sodium reabsorption c alcohol stimulates aldosterone secretion d alcohol inhibits ADH secretion 11 29 15 4 20 21 22 23 24 25 Which of the following processes is important for regulating blood pH a secretion b reabsorption c filtration d renin secretion Drinking too much alcohol results in headache the next day Why does this happen a alcohol stimulates pain receptors in the brain b alcohol stimulates sodium reabsorption c alcohol stimulates aldosterone secretion d alcohol inhibits ADH secretion Why is the osmolarity of medullary fluid in the kidney almost four times higher than the osmolarity of plasma a the loop of Henle acts as a countercurrent multiplier and contributes solutes to the interstitial fluid b urea is recycled from the collecting duct and is transported to the interstitial fluid c the medullary cells in the kidney synthesize solutes to establish the high osmolarity d both a and b How does ADH contribute to the formation of concentrated urine a ADH increases the permeability of the ascending limb of the b ADH
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