45 Multiple Choice questions Objectives for Lecture 1 Terms to know taxonomy taxon binomial systematics phylogeny prokaryote eukaryote Archaebacteria Eubacteria Eukarya eukaryotes Monera Protista Animal Kingdom Plant Kingdom Fungi endosymbiosis You should understand that the length of the branches in a phylogeny represent the evolutionary distance between organisms The longer the arm the more distantly related they are Know what Linneaus two major contributions were to plant classification The binomial system and classification of plants based on reproductive systems Be able to name the taxonomic levels in the correct hierarchical order Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species You should understand the roles of the electron microscope and nucleic acid sequence comparisons in the revision of our understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the different groups of living organisms and you should be able to why kingdom has been superseded by domains as the top taxon Can recognize three domains of life and with in the Eukaryotes there are 4 kingdoms People looked at cellular structure with the electron microscope Then when we looked at sequences of DNA there were two distinct groups You should be able to name the three domains of life and the four kingdoms of eukaryotes and what organisms are in each group You should understand that Protista is an artificial taxon because it contains organisms that are more closely related to organisms in other kingdoms than to other members of Protista It is a bunch of simple unicellular organisms Domains Eukarya Archaea Bacteria Kingdoms Plant Animals Fungi and Protista Know the basic concept of the Endosymbiosis Hypothesis of the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts Primitive Eukaryotic cell that is capable of aerobic respiration One cell that had mitochondria and it engulfed a cell that underwent photosynthesis Lecture 2 Plant Reproduction Terms to know Anthophyta angiosperms All trees but cone bearers Monocots Blade leaves parallel leaf veins flower parts in 3 s Dicots Broad leaves Net like veins flower parts in 4 s and 5 s Stamen Male parts containing anther top with pollen and filament Carpel Female part containing stigma style and ovary Ovule becomes the seed Sepal the small leaves below the flower petals parts surrounding the flower Receptacle thick part just below the overy Pollen sacs within the anther and contains the pollen Zygotic meiosis only the Zygote is diploid the plant is haploid Gametic meiosis Most familiar with where gametes are haploid Alternation of generations sporic meiosis Multicellular growth both haploid and diploid Sporophyte The plant we see multicellular diploid organism Gametophyte The multicellular haploid egg and sperm cell Microspore mother cell it undergoes meiosis and creates 4 haploid microspore each becomes a pollen grin Megaspore mother cell it undergoes meiosis and creates 4 haploid megaspore three of them degenerate Female gametophyte is inside the spore and is haploid 7 cells 8 nuclei Male gametophyte 2 cells tube cell generative cell Integuments becomes the seed coat the flaps Micropyle plants vagina where pollen tube enters Antipodal cells inactive across from egg cell 3 Synergids next to egg cell and attract the pollen tube Polar nuclei the big cell in the egg with 2 nuclei Sperm cells generative cell inside tube cell Tube cell bigger of the sperm cell Double fertilization one with egg other with nuclei Endosperm 3n it s the nutrients for the seed Be able to name all the parts of a standard flower and know how they are arranged Whorls sepals petals stamens and carpels Understand the differences between the three basic life cycle types zygotic meiosis gametic meiosis and alternation of generations Know which life cycle is characteristic of animals Gametic Meiosis fungi Zygotic Meiosis and angiosperms alterations of generations Gametic Meiosis Gametes are the haploid life stage Zygotic Meiosis Haploid cells are the adult organisms Alternation of Generations has multicellular diploid and haploid organisms Plants that are diploid are Sporophyte plants that are haploid are Gametophyte Be able to describe the major cellular events that occur between meiosis and fertilization in angiosperms understand what double fertilization refers to know the function of the synergids Know that after fertilization the ovule becomes the seed and the integuments become the seed coat Know the ploidy level of the sporophyte gametophyte and endosperm Objectives for Lecture 3 Know the features that distinguish monocots and dicots Dicots seedling has 2 cotyledons flower parts come in 4 s and 5 s Monocots come in 3 s and 6 s Be able to state the seven changes in floral structure that occurred during angiosperm evolution and know which features are considered advanced and which are primitive Why is a magnolia flower considered primitive why is an orchid flower advanced Magnolia flower has lots of parts and they all sort of blend together 1 Reduction in number of parts 2 Loss of parts 3 Parts fused together 4 Ovary superior to inferior 5 Radial symmetry replaced by bilateral 6 Clustering of flowers 7 Flower parts become distinctly differentiated Understand and be able to correctly use the following terms inflorescence perfect flower both male and female imperfect flower separate sexs monoecious male and female on the same plant dioecious separate male and female plants superior and inferior flowers radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry Know the difference in structure of disk flowers and ray flowers in plants of the sunflower family know that corn maize is monoecious and Cannabis is dioecious Be able to state the features typically seen in flowers that are pollinated by wind lack petals and have lots of stamens bees landing platform and blue or yellow scented flowers butterflies similar to bees but have long nectar spurs moths similar to bees Flies often look and smell like rotting flesh and hummingbirds nectar red and odorless and bats nectar open at night and musty odor Objectives for Lecture 4 Understand how a fruit forms and know that its function is for seed dispersal Know the difference between simple fruits 1 carpel or several fuzed carpels multiple fruits several separate carpels in one flower pineapple and aggregate fruits carpels in several different flowers strawberries fleshy fruits tomatoes grapes peaches coconuts apples dry dehiscent fruits milkweeds peas and poppy and dry indehiscent fruits grains
View Full Document
Unlocking...