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Lecture 11:1. What is the major compound in starch?Very long polymer of glucose, alpha 1.4- linkage, chains, some are branched, affect texture.2. Why can you live on potatoes (starch) but not off of grass? We don’t have the enzyme to digest beta 1-4 enzymes.3. Where do you think carotenoids are stored in carrots? A) Cytoplasm B) plastid C)vacuole D) Golgi bodies E)nucleus 4. What happens If you put a plant cell that lost its cell wall in water?It would burst5. What pigments make this color (diagram of an orange tree with foliage)?a)flavonols b)anthocyanin c)chlorphyll d)carotenoids6. What kind of plastid do you think a leaf primodia has?A)protoplastid b) etioplast c)chloroplast d) AmylopastLecture 12:7. All living plant cells have plastids but not chloroplasts8. Starch is a food reserve store in amyloplast 9. Every plant cell has a vacuole and its function is to store food. TRUE OR FALSE? This is false, vacuole doesn’t store food, function is to generate turgorpressure and adjust cell size.10. Which of the following is NOT part of primary cell wall? A) pectin b) lignin11. During ripening, tomatoes fruits change color, what kind of pigment do you think causes this? Phenolic compounds12. What happens soon after a plant cell that has lost its cell wall is put into water? The cell will expand until it bursts.13. Why absorb light if theyre not doing photosynthesis? To protect photosynthesis machinery, they need a “guard”14. DO all photosynthetic organisms produce oxygen? NO not all. Purple sulfur bacteria uses h2s as energy source. this kind of photosynthesis is not producing oxygen, and is thus called anoxygenic photosynthesis15. All living plants cells have plastids but not chloroplasts. True16. In photosynthesis light is essential for a light reaction and dark must occur inthe dark. False17. Where is a cam plant most likely to be found? HOT AND DRY PLACE.18. In oxygenic photosynthesis, 02 is produced from h20 in photosystem 2, the other direct product in this photosystem is? H+19. Photorespiration is necessary for photosynthesis because it produces ATP molecules that are used in co2 fixation. FALSE20. C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C3 plants because co2 is converted to a compound containing 4c’s by a diff. enzyme PEP carboxylaseLecture 13:1. What causes Chlorosis in young leaves? Iron (Fe) deficiency, magnesium will cause similar symptoms  old leaves=yellow new = green2. Where do plants acquire their nutrients? Soil and air3. How does carbon C enter a plant? And how do all the other elements enter a plant? Enters plants as CO2 from the AIR. All others are taken up from the SOIL4. What macronutrients, essential elements, are often limiting for plant growth?Nitrogen, Phosphorous, potassium… N, P, K (Fe too but is micronutrient)5. What is the nitrogen in the soil mostly in the form of? Nitrate which quickly leaches from soil.6. What does mineral ion uptake require? Active transport7. Most water and ion uptake occurs through what? The youngest parts of roots, including the root hairs in the EPIDERMIS8. What do root hairs do? Increase surface area of the root for absorption9. What is the role of the endodermis? Allows plants to maintain mineral ion concentrations in the xylem that are higher than in the surrounding soil.10. What is an example of an energy requiring reaction? Nitrogen fixation11. What bacteria do nitrogen fixation? Chemoheterotrophs or photoautotrophs12. What are energy yielding reactions? And who are they carried out by? Nitrification and denitrification and chemoautotrophic bacteria.13. What is a casperian strip? A water-tight waxy layer of the cell wall of endodermis that force minerals and water to enter the cytoplasm.14. Where is the casparian strip located? Cell wall of endodermis15. What does the casparian strips of the endodermis cell wall allow for? Allows the mineral content of the xylem to be regulated or maintained at a higher concentration than in soil.16. Example of hyperaccumluation of Hg? Sunflower17. Why is the plasma membrane impermeable to minerals? Because of its hydrophobicity18. Can transport molecules against a gradient, consume energery? PUMP- activetransport19. What kind of diffusion has small nonpolar solutes such as glucose and water?Simple20. What kind of diffusion carries a molecule by conformational change? Carrier21. Is gated, and when activate a large amount of compatible molecules can pass through ? channel22. Chanell and carrier are a type of what type of diffusion? Which has high efficiency and which has low? Facilitated. Chanell is high carrier is low.23. What are two forms of contrasport systems? Symport and antiport24. What is uniport? Chemical must fit dimension25. What is symport? You have to have 2 molecules together in order to be transported. GO IN SAME DIRECTION26. What is antiport? One goes in the other goes out, must be coupled27. What is required to load sugar into the phloem? Sucrose proton contransporter28. Plants in the legume ( bean) family form what kind of associations with the nitrogen fixing bacterium rhizobium? Symbiotic associationsThe bacteria enter plant roots through the root hairs and proliferate in cells of the cortex of the root forming nodules. In the nodules the bacterium obtains sugars from the plant and provides the plant with reduced nitrogen.29. What are Mycorrhizae? Mutualistic fungi infecting the roots of plants. 30. What are Mycorrhizae critical for? Phosphate uptake ( absorption)31. What do mycorrhizae do? Greatly increase the roots surface area, obtain sugar from the plant in exchange for minerals32. What is the water potential of air? -200atm33. Water potential of soil? -.2atm34. What are two pieces of evidence that support the cohesion tension theory? One is that negative pressures in the trunk and leave can be measured and two is that the stem diameter shrinks during the day and increases at night.35. What happens if there is more K+? water pressure drops36. Low water= stomata will close37. Which of the following is the type of mechanism for sucrose transport as illustrated previously? Symplastic38. Which of the following forms of nitrogen plants can be used directly? NH4+ and NO3-39. Which of the following cell types is more susceptible to embolism? Vessel elements or tracheid40. Where is auxin synthesized? And what are its major effects? In the shoot and seeds. Promote cell division and elongation41. Where is cytokinin synthesized? In roots. Promote


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FSU BOT 3015 - Study Guide

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