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For the following terms concepts be able to identify the key figures and events as well as place it within the larger context of the class Test 3 Review The legacy of World War I o League of Nations o Great Depression formed as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended WWI Its mission was to maintain world peace Lasted until late 30 s mid 40 s Most widespread and longest depression of 20th century leaving many unemployed economic downfall beginning with the stock market crash of 1929 Japanese biological experimentation programs o Unit 731 o Shiro Ishii Japanese camp that experimented on humans The experiments were designed to study the effects of germs weapons and several possible wartime conditions on live prisoners crimes after the U S agreed to let him go if he gave the data and results of his experiments to us to study had participated in these experiments German biological experimentation programs Japanese general who commanded Unit 731 Ishii got away with his war These experiments led to many ethical issues and trials of officials who o After the war o Different types and motivations for experiments These experiments were designed to test possible conditions for troops on human prisoners to help develop new weapons and to attempt to cure what Nazis considered to be undesirable traits such as homosexuality o Josef Mengele experiments on live prisoners officers for their participation in the Holocaust and deadly human trials Should we implement ethics based rules for science Mengele escapes Nuremberg Trials begin in order to punish Nazi Nazi officer and physician who performed these often deadly o After the war The impact of technology on World War II o Planes tanks radar Planes were used for reconnaissance combat and bombing Tanks were used in battle and to invade towns instead of marching troops in by foot Radar was invented to detect enemy ally planes and other war vehicles It is often said that the use of radar is what helped the Allies win WWII WWII it was used to save the lives of many soldiers with infected wounds DDT or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is an insecticide used widely to attempt to lower bug populations and protect crops from being eaten by insects Penicillin is used commonly to treat many bacterial infections During o Penicillin DDT The invention of the atomic bomb discovered the neutron o James Chadwick o Leo Szilard patented the idea of using the neutron as a weapon in 1934 when he panted the concept of a nuclear bomb He tried to gift this idea to the British government but they declined the offer Later in 1939 Szilard collaborated with Einstein on a note to The Manhattan Project o Enrico Fermi o Pre war Interaction between scientists and governments Noticed that uranium acted strangely when bombarded This eventually FDR saying that Germany is most likely working on an atomic bomb and that the U S should as well led to the use of uranium in the atomic bomb Most scientific advancements were being funded by the government and therefore were based in areas of study most relevant to the needs of the government build the atomic bomb Heisenberg did not doubt that they could but instead raised the question But should we do it These opposing viewpoints caused the scientists to eventually go their separate ways Neils Bohr believed that they as Germans could o Heisenberg and Bohr conversation o Los Alamos o Leslie Groves o Oppenheimer Was made a general for the purpose of overseeing the building of the Not the only facility used during the Manhattan Project but the main focus Pentagon and buying land to convert into uranium and plutonium refineries Groves was not a scientist but was important to the government because he was a great organizer Oppenheimer was a physicist and a stellar manager He was appointed to the Manhattan Project to recruit scientists and oversee the project of this location was to create the nuclear weapon itself program but asked U S for help Germany Heisenberg told Hitler that it was highly unlikely that they would be able to create an atomic bomb but secretly he was just against doing it Russia 1st Russian bomb created in 1949 eventually the Russians were the ones to perform the largest nuclear detonation ever Tsar Bomba in 1961 Russian nuclear programs continued in competition with the U S science Is it okay to bomb innocent civilians to save lives in combat British gave first effort at a nuclear Are there limits to o Ethical issues surrounding the creation and use of the atomic bomb o British German and Russian nuclear programs 1980 film tells the story of Oppenheimer and the Trinity test in 1945 The Day After Trinity Includes interviews with Manhattan Project scientists Point of the movie is that the scientists believe that the spread of nuclear weapons should ve stopped The day after Trinity The impact of World War II on science lives at the cost of our own The discovery of DNA Does science have ethical limits Is it okay to end others o Mendel Augustinian friar who experimented on plants Discovered First to isolate and identify nucleic acid Wondered if it was involved in genetics hybridization o Miescher heredity o Griffith was later known to be DNA melanogaster and demonstrated that genes are carried on chromosomes and that genes are the basis of heredity This discovery was the basis of modern genetics Morgan studied mutations in the fruit fly drosophila Discovered that bacteria could transform with a transforming factor which o Morgan and Drosophila The discovery of the structure of DNA o Chargraff Discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the structure of DNA 1 adenine bonded with thymine and guanine bonded with cytosine 2 DNA patterns vary by species proteins he was correct flourished with new discoveries and new funding Studied amino acids proteins Proposed the alpha helix as the structure of o Relationship between biology and physics after World War II Physics and biology both o Pauling o X Ray Crystallography o Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin Used to determine the atomic and molecular structures of a crystal by shooting x rays at it and studying how they were diffracted This was an influential technique in the discovery of the structure of DNA Wilkins produced the first clear x ray images of DNA and believed that DNA was helical in shape Rosalind was Wilkins assistant who was very influential on the discovery of the structure of DNA She theorized that the chains of the DNA were on the inside of


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FSU HIS 3464 - Test 3 Review

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