CTE 3201 Exam 3 Study Guide 04 14 2014 PATTERN Pattern o Arrangement of motif o Underlying structure that organizes the surfaces structures in a consistent regular manner o Repeating unit of shape or form o Skeleton that organizes parts of a composition Sources of pattern o Natural objects found in nature They may have interesting proportions and color Pleasant psychological associations Example political cartoon o Man Made evoke specific memories and define associations o Imagination lines and shapes which are not representing Have limited use actual objects This includes lines and circles cartoon characters if they aren t real geometric figures o Symbolism representations of something other than an object An idea organization logo letters flags Example American flag Coca Cola logo letters numbers Interpretation o How the source is presented or interpreted by an artist o Types of interpretation Realistic objects appear as they actually are Natural and man made motifs only Examples digital photo silk flower Stylized objects that have been distorted in some way such as their shape color proportion but can still be recognized Natural and man made objects only Abstract non representational Source may be imagination or symbolic Geometric stems from imagination and portrays no sometimes object Rectilinear Dots Stripes Plaids Chevrons Arrangement o All over gives the same effect from any angle o Four way gives the same effect from four directions 90 degrees Shouldn t be diagonal o Two way same effect when turned 180 degrees Can be seen with stripes o One way gives a certain effect in only one direction The 1 way can be seen in realistic presentations unbalanced plaids or a poster on a wall o Spaced self contained compositions TEXTURE An element defined by 2 aspects o Visual o Tactile Qualities of a surface Areas of light and dark shadow and glossiness are what let us know that there is texture 3 senses involved with texture o Sight When we cannot touch a surface to feel it our sight becomes a substitute for the sense of touch o Touch o Sound Texture contributes to the aesthetic satisfaction Implied or visual texture is that which we can see due to various visual design techniques but cannot be physically felt Four Determinants of Texture o 1 Micro Basic Fiber Content Chemical composition of basic element This determines performance and feel o 2 Composite Yarn Structure How are elements put together Different spinning techniques and different weights contribute to the texture and final product o 3 Macro Fabric Structure How are the yarns put together Woven Knitted Felted A tight weave A loose weave Are the yarns blended o 4 Finishes Mechanical treatments Heat Pressure Curing Napping Chemical Sizing Water repellant Teflon Texture from Light on a surface o Variation in the amount of light cast on or reflected by a surface can increase or decrease the perception of texture o Texture presents in 3 ways Transparent Translucent Opaque ILLUSIONS Mistaken visual cues Used to control appearance and increase cultural acceptance Illusion is the misinterpretation of a visual cue o Visual perception means choosing the best interpretation of available cues Visual cues are culturally conditioned and different cultures evoke different responses Example of illusion ambiguous figure Causes of Illusions o Physical base Physiology of eye nerves and brain o Learned base Experience leads to assumption and expectations 2 Major Types of Illusions o Static Illusions Geometric where line space and shape are misinterpreted distortions Carpentered illusionary lengths widths or Size and space eye incorrectly estimates size space when comparable images are placed together Directional strong directional feeling within a figure attributes to the whole figure Depth and distance interpreting flat images as 3 D Foreshortening change in perspective and size as one views objects from greater distance Ambiguous figure ground reversal or spontaneous change in position After images can be seen after looking at a stimulus long enough to tire the retina then when one looks away the same object is seen but the positive is replaced with a negative version Undulating lines Grid intersections Intense colors Irradiation light area is diffused with beyond actual shape Simultaneous contrast exaggeration of differences Color with opposing hues or values intensify when placed next to each other This increases each others apparent differences o Autokinetic Illusions Self moving illusion Appear to flicker undulate waver or otherwise move Can be very distracting The art and design term for light and dark value VALUE LIGHT Light o Sir Isaac Newton in the early 1700s developed his theories of color and light o Newton s discovery that a pure white beam of light reflecting off a prism water glass produces a spectrum rainbow A prism decomposes white light into many colors of the visible spectrum o The electromagnetic energy making things visible o Radian energy resulting from vibration of electrons o Provides illumination but also color color property of light Level of illumination or brightness depends on the energy radiated which comes packaged in units called photons Photons particles which transmit light More energy brighter the light o Defines light and space and visually reveals the world We can only control and manipulate light indirectly by controlling the surface on which it falls o Visual effects depend on wavelength frequency and level of illumination o In terms of light white is the presence of all colors Additive light theory all colors combine to make white o distance between two peaks measured in nanometers o The long low frequency waves low energy o Short high frequency waves high energy o 95 indirect light reflected off objects o 5 direct o Lighting facilitates visual perception of products and environments Can stimulate consumption or aesthetic satisfaction of Wavelength Frequency Perception shopping for a product Psychological effect Lightness vs Darkness o Lightness is stimulating o Darkness absence of light dark ages o Symbolic Qualities of Light Light has the power to communicate a message The lighting of the outdoors helps us to gauge the time of day and the weather Lighting also communicates to us where we ought to turn our attention or where we ought to go Reaction of surfaces light temperatures types of light o Effects of light rays dependent on surface Specular surfaces Light that s reflected from a flat shiny