PHYLA COMPARISON I Classification Ciliophora Sarcodina Euglenozoa Apicomplexa K Protista P Porifera P Cnidaria P Platyhelminthes P Nemertea P Annelida P Mollusca Asconoid Syconoid Leuconoid C Hydrozoa C Scyphozoa C Anthozoa C Turbellaria C Trematoda C Cestoda P Nemertea C Polychaeta C Oligochaeta C Hirudinea Body Organization Embryonic Development Unicellular N A Cellular Tissue Diploblastic Planula larvae Organ Triploblastic Acoelomate Symmetry Skeleton Support N A Pellicle Test Cytoskeletal elements Cell membrane Asymmetrical Mesohyl Spicules Spongin Radial Hydrostatic skeleton and GVC Mesoglea Bilateral Mesenchyme Proteinaceous skeleton CaCO3 skeleton Movement Sessile Cilia Flagella Pseudopodia Longitudinal and circular muscles Propulsion by GVC Cilia Muscular waves swimming Gliding on mucus layer Movement as larvae Cells move within sponge Some level of awareness Polyp sessile gliding motion of pedal disk Medusa free swimming non directional plankton Nerve net plexus Rhopalium Transverse muscles Cephalization Ladder like anterior brain paired ganglia Ocelli Auricles Sensory Nervous Cellular level Uncertain C Bivalvia C Gastropoda SC Prosobranchia SC Opisthobranchia SC Pulmonata C Cephalopoda C Polyplacophora C Scaphopoda Eucoelomate Protosome Schizocoelous development Lophotrochozoa Indirect trochophore larvae or direct development Indirect trochophore or veliger larvae or direct development Reduced coelom hemocoel Torsion detorsion Metameric segments Tagmosis Acicula Septa Some diagonal muscles Peristaltic movement Undulatory swimming Setae Parapodia Cerebral ganglion Ganglion per body segment Tactile chemo balance photoreceptors Parapodia Mantle secretes calcareous shell Operculum Beak Shell plates Girdle Umbo Apex Muscular foot tentacles Siphon mantle Jet propulsion Clapping Burrowing Adductor muscles CNS Ventral cord foot Dorsal cord viscera Complex sensory organs chemo balance tactile chromatophores Highly developed brain Ink sac Digestion Feeding Intracellular digestion food vacuoles and lysosomes Complete digestive system Autotrophs and heterotrophs Phagocytosis Pinocytosis AZM cilia Filter feeders Diffusion Bacterial symbionts Choanocytes Blind sac no anus Ingestion through mouth GVC Tentacles Cnidocytes Nematocysts Extracellular and intracellular digestion phagocytosis Muscular pharynx Branched intestine caeca Free living Flattened intestine Proboscis armed with stylet Excretory Osmoregulation Circulation Diffusion Contractile vacuoles Active transport Diffusion Egestion through mouth no anus Protonephridia flame cells Anus Nephridia metanephridia and nephridiopores Diffusion Gills parapodia Kidneys nephridia Mantle Pericardial coelom Open some closed Closed circulatory system Reproduction Sexual monoecious or dioecious Sexual mostly monoecious Sexual monoecious or dioecious Respiration Cellular level Diffusion Sexual conjugation Asexual binary fission budding Micronucleus Macronucleus vegetative functions Unicellular Asexual budding fragmentation Regeneration Pedal laceration Asexual regeneration fragmentation Penis fencing Gemmule formation Ovaries and spermaries Amoebocytes archaeocytes Habitat Lifestyle Some parasitic Aquatic Aquatic Other Some aquatic Some parasitic Aquatic DISTINGUISHING FEATURES Spicules pores mesohyl gemmules Mesoglea cnidocytes Highly branched caeca Proglottids with scolex Proboscis flattened intestine Regional specialization Eversible or muscular pharynx Esophagus Esophageal caeca Jaws Gizzard typhlosole Suckers proboscis modified gut Filter feeding Incurrent siphon in gills Labial palps Radula Tentacles Arms Captacula Contractile vessels heart aortic arches Dorsal blood vessel Ventral blood vessel Capillary beds Coelomic fluid Extracellular hemoglobin Diffusion Parapodia gills Asexual budding Internal and external fertilization Epitoky Cocoon Spermathecae Seminal vessicles Aquatic or terrestrial Multi chambered heart 1 2 atria and 1 ventricle Gills ctenidia eulamellibranch or protobranch Primitive lung Mantle Hemocyanin Usually internal fertilization some external Mantle Spermatophore Usually dioecious Aquatic terrestrial Infaunal epifaunal Metameres setae parapodia annuli posterior sucker clitellum typhlosole trochophore larvae Kleptoplasty Mantle radula veliger larvae bivalve torsion detorsion arms 8 plates PHYLA P Nematoda P Rotifera P Bryozoa Ectoprocta P Arthropoda P Echinodermata P Chordata COMPARISON II Classification P Nematoda P Rotifera P Bryozoa Ectoprocta C Asteroidea C Ophiuroidea C Echinoidea C Crinoidea C Holothuroidea SP Trilobitomorpha SP Chelicerata C Merostomata C Pycnogonida C Arachnida SP Crustacea C Branchiopoda C Ostracoda C Copepoda C Cirripedia C Malacostraca SP Myriapoda C Chilopoda C Diplopoda SP Hexapoda SP Hexapoda C Insecta SC Apterygota SC Pterygota D Exopterygota O Orthoptera O Odonota O Isoptera O Hemiptera O Homoptera D Endopterygota O Coleoptera O Lepidoptera O Hymenoptera O Diptera Protochordates SP Urochordata SP Cephalochordata Vertebrates SP Craniata Vertebrata C Agnatha C Chondrichthyes C Osteichthyes C Amphibia C Reptilia Clade Testudines Clade Lepidosauria Clade Archosauria C Aves C Mammalia Organ Body organization Embryonic development Triploblastic Pseudocoelomate Protosome Schizocoelous coelom formation Determinate spiral cleavage Ecdysozoa Ecdysis Lophotrochozoa Eucoelomate Symmetry Bilateral Skeleton support Hydrostatic skeleton Ecdysozoa Ecdysis Reduced coelom hemocoel Nauplius larva Hemimetabolous or holometabolous or ametabolous Hard outer exoskeleton Tagmosis External cuticle Epidermis Pedal gland Trunk with spurs Operculum for lophophore Zooecium Movement Longitudinal muscles Free swimming larvae Sessile adults Jointed appendages Apodemes Abdominal flexion Wings Deuterostome Enterocoelous coelom formation Indeterminate radial cleavage Mostly indirect development with free swimming larval stage Tadpole larvae Metamorphosis Amniotic eggs Bilateral as larvae Mostly pentaradial as adults Dermal endoskeleton Ossicles spines Ambulacral grooves Pedicellaria Bilateral Bone cartilage fibrous or calcified endoskeleton Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Notochord Tunic Hair quills scales feathers WVS Tube feet with suckers Complex muscle interactions Post anal tail Myotomes Heterocercal or homocercal tail Some tetrapods Some forelimbs modified as wings Sensory Serpentine movement Dorsal ventral nerve cords Circular muscles Corona with ciliated crown No sensory organs Ganglion Nerve ring with
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