Porifera Classification Class Calcarea o All asconoid syconoid leuconoid o Calcium carbonate spicules o 3 4 rayed spicules Class Hexactinellida o All leuconoid syconoid o Spicules of silica o 6 sided spicules Class Demospongiae o Spongin o Spicules of both o All leuconoid Organization Cellular Canal Systems Asconoid look like worms o Spongocoel Lined by Choanocytes Osculum opening to the exterior o LEUCOSOLENIA is an asconoid not leuconoid o Look like tiny worms o Choanocytes occur only in the radial canals o Look like furry little worms o Water flow apopyle spongocoel osculum ostium incurrent canals prosopyle radial canal Syconoid Leuconoid o Choanocytes are found only on the walls of the flagellated chambers o Water flow ostium incurrent canals prosopyle flagellated chamber apopyle spongocoel osculum o Big Look like many different things Symmetry Asymmetrical Skeleton Support Pinacocytes Porocytes Amoebocytes o Outer sponge cells form pinacoderm o Provide protection o DO NOT form epidermis o Surround pores can contract to regulate water flow through sponge o Totipotent cells o Ingest Digest food from choanocytes o Transport nutrients to other cells o Make up gemmules Body Wall o Epidermis With incurrent pores o Mesohyl Non cellular gelatinous protein matrix Spicules skeletal element Made of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide Spongin skeletal element Only used by Class Demospongia Protein fibers high elastic Form of collagen major structural protein o Inner layer Choanocytes Flagellated collar cells that move water through body Trap food Start digestion Sperm o Water is moved through the body of the sponge by the motion of the choanocyte flagella o A collar of the microvilli of the choanocyte collect the food particles that are distributed through the body by amoebocytes Movement Locomotion Sessile BUT do have some contraction Attached to the bottom by a substrate Sensory Nervous None Digestion Feeding Filter Feeders Diffusion Intracellular Excretory Osmoregulation Diffusion Circulation Diffusion Respiration Diffusion Reproduction Sexual o Larva parenchymula o Monoecious o Dioecious Asexual o Gemmules freshwater Egg and sperm produced in one individual Eggs and sperm produced in separate individuals Cyst like bodies that can withstand freezing desiccation Made up of archaeocytes o Budding o Fragmentation o Regeneration Cnidaria Classification Class Hydrozoa o Hydroids Portuguese Man O War o Includes fire corals not true corals When under a microscope the circles don t look like 6 sided stars Class Scyphozoa o Jellyfish Class Anthozoa Class Staurozoa o Upside down jellyfish Class Cubozoa o Box jellyfish o Sea Anemones Corals Sea Fans Sea Pansy 2 Body Forms o Medusa o Polyp Free swimming shaped like a bell with the mouth directed downward Cylindrical tube with the mouth directed upward Class Hydrozoa Polyp Dominant Scyphozoa Subordinate Medusa Subordinate Smaller umbrella thin tentacles Dominant Large umbrella with thick clumped tentacles Staurozoa Dominant Cubozoa Anthozoa Subordinate Dominant Dominant Organization Tissue level Embryonic Development Diploblastic Symmetry Radial Oral mouth side Aboral away from mouth Skeleton Support Mesoglea o Gelatinous o A cellular o Gives internal support o Between two tissues layers Hydrostatic skeleton o Fluid filled cavity GVC surrounded by muscles Where digestion occurs Circulatory functions o Pressure of fluid and action of surrounding muscles are used to change shape of the animal and produce movement o Outer muscle layer has longitudinal myofibrils o Inner nutritive muscle layer has circular lateral myofibrils Movement Locomotion Polyps Medusa o Non sessile o Gliding motion of their bases o Free swimming form o Sensory Nervous Nerve net Digestion Feeding o Made of nerve cells in the outer and inner layer no brain or organs Carnivorous Ingest mouth GVC breakdown Digestion is completed Gastrovascular cavity o Extracellular digestion within the GVC o Intracellular digestion in the food vacuoles of the nutritive muscle cells of the gastrodermis Cnidocytes o Nematocysts entangle poison prey Excretory Osmoregulation Diffusion Circulation Diffusion Respiration Diffusion Reproduction Hydrozoa o Polymorphism Obelia Portuguese Man O War Both gonozooids gastrozooids o DIFFERENCE Polyp is sexual stage for Hydra Scyphozoa Aurelia o Dioecious o Life cycle Planula Actinula Scyphistoma Strobila Ephyra Platyhelminthes Acoelomate Adult Classification Class Turbellaria o Flatworms o Free living Class Trematoda o Flukes o Parasitic Class Monogenea o Single Host Flukes o Parasitic Class Cestoda o Tapeworms o Parasitic Organization Organ level Embryonic Development Triploblastic Symmetry Bilateral o Cephalization Skeleton Support Mesenchyme o Middle cell layer Movement Locomotion Epidermal cilia Sensory Nervous Bi lobed ganglia Nerve ladder Turbellaria Digestion Feeding o Aurelia projections by Ocelli o Ocelli Look like little eyes light dark Incomplete digestive tract o No anus o Protonephridia Flame cells Helps with passing waste food in body Extracellular Mouth on ventral side TAPEWORMS use diffusion Excretory Osmoregulation Protonephridia Flame cells o Helps with water balance Circulation Diffusion Respiration Diffusion Reproduction Can be hermaphroditic Nemertina Acoelomate Ribbon Worms Organization Organ Symmetry Bilateral Sensory Nervous Digestion Feeding Movement Locomotion Ciliated epidermal cells gland cells to glide on mucus Longitudinal Circular muscles transverse lateral nerve cords Complete digestive tract FIRST TIME o Mouth Anus Proboscis a muscular tube with a stylet poisonous tip for capturing prey within a rhychocoel cavity Excretory Osmoregulation Protonephridia Circulation Closed FIRST TIME o 2 Lateral blood vessels o Dioecious separate sexes o Rotifera Pseudocoelomate Respiration Diffusion Reproduction Organization Organ Symmetry Bilateral Sensory Papillae sensory pits dorsal ventral nerve cords Ocelli Movement Locomotion Circular Longitudinal Muscles Corona ciliated crown Trunk Tail Digestion Feeding Extracellular True jaws trophy FIRST TIME Mastex grinds food Excretory Osmoregulation Protonephridia Circulation None Respiration None Reproduction Amitic Mitic o no fertilization Female o Parthenogenesis o Fertilization females o No Fertilization males Nematoda Round Worms Pseudocoelomate Organization Organ Symmetry Sensory Bilateral unsegmented difference from Tapeworm Papillae sensory pits dorsal ventral nerve cords Movement
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