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Slide 1Student SurveyQuiz 6Introduction FeedbackExemplar Opening ParagraphExemplar Opening ParagraphSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Unit 2: Development and GeneticsUnit 2: Development and GeneticsSlide 13Unit 3: EvolutionUnit 3: EvolutionSlide 16Unit 4: EcologyQuestions?BSC2011L Final ReviewTA: Kate Section #1&7The Final Exam will be the last week of class (next week!)NOT finals week.The final exam is 10% of your grade.The Final Paper is due next week (online and hard copy) it is 15% of your grade.Student SurveyQuiz 6Introduction FeedbackStrengths•Writing a clear hypothesis/presenting a clear question•Huge improvement in selecting appropriate studies to reference in their paper! (the studies seem relevant to your work and they’re from scientific journals!)Areas for Growth:•Keep it general to start! Insect oviposition!•Add transitions and explanations to your previous studies and background info so that we can anticipate the types of questions you’ll be asking (avoid talking about a tangential study and then presenting your question immediately after)•Citations: they should be easy points!•“Ovipositioning” isn’t a word, you can use “oviposition” or “oviposit”Exemplar Opening Paragraph•Oviposition can be affected by numerous factors, including plant type, predators, and density. Also, the type of insect which is laying the eggs has its own particular affinity for a suitable location in order to procure a more optimal survival rate for its unborn offspring. By altering different factors that affect a particular species’ distribution of eggs, the individual relationship between certain insect characteristics and survival become very apparent.Exemplar Opening Paragraph•One thing that makes phytophagous insects so interesting to study is the host-specificity of each species. Phytophagous insects have the largest amount of resources available to them since they feed at the bottom of the food chain. Because of the abundance of resources available, these resources are divided up among species, resulting in each species having different preferences of host plants on which to feed and lay their eggs (Jaenike, 1990). In many phytophagous insect species, the immature larvae have little to no opportunity to change the location of their development (Mayhew, 1997). Such is the case in the phytophagous bean beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Bean beetles lay their eggs on the seeds of host plants…•Science is the investigation of rational concepts that can be tested using observation and experimentation•Science advances by disproof of incorrect hypotheses.•All scientific investigation requires some sort of measurement or quantification of observations.Unit 1: The Nature of ScienceHypothesis = a proposed explanation for a phenomenonExperiment = a test of a hypothesisA scientific method is a formal way of asking and answering questionsUnit 1: The Nature of Science•Independent vs. dependent variables•Bias vs. error•Other sources of error?•How do you deal with it?•Outliers?*OutlierImportant concepts in measuring Unit 1: The Nature of ScienceModel SystemsUnit 1: The Nature of ScienceThere are a large number of model systems used by biologists. Each study system is typically useful for specific research goals.For example: Mice Human DiseaseGuppy EvolutionFruitfly Animal GeneticsPlanaria  Regeneration/DevelopmentGuppy(Poecilia reticulata)Unit 2: Development and GeneticsGenetic TermsLocus – physical location of a gene (e.g. ap = apterous locus)Allele – version (variant) of a gene (ap+, ap-)Genotype – combination of alleles at one or more lociPhenotype – Trait (morphology, behavior, molecule, etc.)Homozygous – having two copies of the same allele (e.g. ap+ap+)Heterozygous – having two different alleles at a locus (e.g. ap+ap-)Dominant – an allele whose phenotype is expressed in a heterozygote (e.g. ap+ap- flies have normal wings)Recessive – an allele whose phenotype is not expressed in a heterozgyote. (ap- is recessive).Unit 2: Development and GeneticsW+ W+W- W-W+ W-W+W- W-W+ W-W+W+ W+W- W-W+ W-W+W+ W+W+ W+W+GametesGametesWhite is dominant(- > +)All have white eyes½ white eyes , ½ red eyesUnit 2: Development and GeneticsUnit 3: EvolutionTERMINOLOGY: Taxa, Root, Nodes, Branches, Sister TaxaUnit 3: Evolution•Using phenotypic traits can be tricky when building a phylogeny–Convergent evolution–Trait bias •Use of molecular data solves many of these issuesUnit 3: EvolutionEcology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environmentThis includes the study of:Predator-Prey dynamicsCompetition between/among speciesCompetition within a species Species distribution Interactions with between species and the abiotic habitatPlant insect interactionsUnit 4: EcologyQuestions?REMEMBER!•Final Paper is due during lab next week!•15% of your grade (more than your


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