Characteristics Phylum Arthropoda II jointed legs 1 Organ level of organization 2 Triploblastic 3 tissue layers Eucoelomate Protostomes Bilateral symmetry 3 Tagmosis tagmatization Fusion of segments into tagma head thorax abdomen Typically each body segment has a pair of jointed appendages Appendages are serially homologous to those on the other segments of the same animal digestive system 4 Complete 5 Open 6 Coelom is reduced to portions of the reproductive and excretory systems body cavity is an open circulatory system with blood vessels opening into hemoceol hemocoel 7 Cuticle forms well developed jointed exoskeleton growth is by ecdysis molting apodemes for muscle attachment well developed antagonistic muscles 8 Respiration by gills trachea book lungs or book gills Tracheal system tubes leading from spiracles to inner membranes 9 Excretory system malpighian tubules 10 Most are dioecious 11 No external cilia or flagella Sub Phylum Myriapoda Class Chilopoda centipedes Class Diplopoda millipedes Sub Phylum Hexapoda Class Insecta Sub Class Pterygota Division Exopterygota Order Odonata dragonflies damselflies Order Orthoptera grasshoppers mantis crickets roaches Order Isopters termites Order Hemiptera true bugs Order Homoptera cicada leaf hoppers aphids Division Endopterygota Order Lepidoptera butterflies moths Order Coleoptera beetles Order Hymenoptera bees wasps ants Order Diptera flees Sub Phylum Myriapoda a great of legs Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Millipedes live in soil and underneath leaves and stones They don t bite but some species can spray a toxic secretion that can irritate skin Centipedes live in the soil and underneath leaves and stones The prominent poison claws on the 1st appendage are used to immobilize prey Sub Phylum Hexapoda six legs Class Insecta Sub Class Apterygota Reffered to as silverfish or bristle tails they have a complex courtship where the male suspends his spermatophore on a silk thread and then coaxes a female under the thread to fertilize her eggs Ametabolous condition found in subclass Apterygota little or no change between the immature and adult form No metamorphosis except in size and development of the sexual organs No wings Sub Class Pterygota Division Exopterygota Hemimetabolous condition found in the subclass Pterygota division exopterygota Incomplete metamorphosis usually has an underdeveloped nymph in the process of the metamorphosis Nymphs are similar to the adult yet usually lacks full development in the wings and external sexual organs Nymphs look like and live in the same environment of the adult form of the organism Wings develop as buds on the outside of the organism Order Orthoptera grasshoppers mantis crickets roaches Large chewing mouthparts Order Odonata dragonflies damselflies Large pair of membranous wings Large compound eyes Elongated abdomen Order Homoptera cicada leaf hoppers aphids Wings form a house roof over back Phytophagus suck plant juices Order Hemiptera true bugs true bugs Wings form an X or geometric pattern across back Long proboscis for sucking plants and animal matter Order Isopters termites Wings present in newly hatched queens only Complex social system with caste system Division Endopterygota Holometabolous condition found in the subclass Pterygota division endopterygota has a larvae that turns into an adult The larva Complete metamorphosis is very different in form from the adult The transition stage from the larvae to the adult is called the pupal stage The pupa doesn t eat and cannot move much During the pupal stage great metabolic changes occur The pupa finally molts into the adult Wings develop on the inside of the organism Order Diptera true flies One set of flying wings Second set of wings modified into balancers Order Lepidoptera butterflies moths Wings covered in small scales Order Hymenoptera ants wasps bees Biting mandibles Modified ovipositor for stinging Slender waist between thorax and abdomen Order Coleoptera beetles Largest animal order in the world Elytra hardened first set of wings that covers and protects the second set of wings Class Insecta Mouthparts Honeybee Butterfly Musca Horsefly Tabanus Mosquito DISSECTIONS CRICKET FEMALE order orthoptera BEETLE LARVA order coleoptera
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