Exam 3 Review Pattern and Texture Source o Natural originate in nature Ex Flowers leaves waves snowflakes animal prints seashells Lend themselves easily to patterns o Man made represent those that are familiar as a result of experience Ex Teapots lipstick beach balls golf clubs birdhouses o Imagination represents a cross sensory interpretation often originate from geometric forms o Symbolism refers to the motifs that represent a non concrete idea Ex Political movement religion organization logos Interpretation o Realistic the motifs have their true colors highlights and shadows Objects appear as they actually are o Stylized the motif remains recognizable but is simplified flattened distorted changed in color or edged in line Natural or manmade objects that have been distorted in some way o Abstract involve free flowing forms colors values lines shapes and spaces Suggest a feeling or mood Non representational source is imagination o Geometric subset of abstract and include woven structures defined by lines such as stripes plaids or checks Stems from imagination portrays no objects Arrangement or layout o All over arrangements give the same effect from any angle o 1 way only one direction realistic presentations unbalanced plaids o 2 way same effect when turned 180 stripes o 4 way give same effect from four directions 90 turns o Border motif placed along the edge Texture o Visual implied that which we can see due to various visual design techniques but cannot be physically felt o Tactile o Four Determinants of Textures Micro Basic Fiber Content chemical composition of basic element Macro Fabric Structure Composite Yarn structure Woven knitted felted tight loose etc Finishes Principles Repetition Parallelism o o The use of something more than once o Simplest most fundamental principle o The use of similar or connected pictorial elements o Regular repetition spaces all repeaters identically strengthening the direction of repeats o o Equal distance to all points the use of lines lying on the same plane o The space between any two lines must be even but the space between sets of parallel lines o Applies to line shape and space the more the parallel lines the weaker the directional effect of each line the fewer the lines the stronger the directional effect can vary Alternation o o A repeated sequence of only two things changing back and forth in the same order a directional principle Sequence o o The following of differing things one after another in a particular order o It is not a sequence until it is repeated must be 3 or more o A series of events which lead the eye in a specific direction or shows logical order Radiation o o A feeling of movement bursting outward in all directions from one visible or suggested central point directional principle o Calls attention at either end of the line so radiating lines should end where attention is desired Concentricity o o Is the progressive increase in size of layers of the same shape all having the same center o Focuses attention on its central point highlighting principle o The edges may vary but they retain their relationship Contrast o o Can be applied to every element o Commands attention and physically seem to accent and enlarge where it occurs o A feeling of distinct differences the opposition of things for the purpose of showing unlikeness Gradation o The greater the contrast the more it enlarges highlighting principle o o A sequence of adjacent units which change from one unit to the next in consistent and distinct steps o Must have 3 or more changes o Can strengthen psychological effects by building intensity a linear principle Transition o o A smooth change in quality of a variation of an element o No break point or distinct step a linear principle o Emphasizes direction of development on the body o It is a subtle and the eye is lead without realizing it o Psychologically it is smooth flowing soft and graceful Illusions Kinds of learning Ways of learning o Cognitive learning factual information o Affective learning feelings values beliefs opinions o Conscious teaching intentional effort to impart knowledge and ideas Studying reading o Conditioning Static Illusions o Geometric Suggested implied subtle observation imitation Illusions occur when lines space or shape are misinterpreted Carpentered illusory lengths widths or distortions 2 Size and Space the eye incorrectly estimates distances or sizes where comparable images are placed close together 3 Directional Illusion strong directional feeling within a figure is attributed to the whole figure 4 o Depth Distance We interpret flat images as 3 dimensional objects Foreshortening change in perspective size as we view objects from greater distances 2 Ambiguous figures figure ground reversal or spontaneous change of position 3 o After Image We see after we have been looking at a stimulus long enough to tire the retina then we look away and see the same thing but positive is replaced with negative o Irradiation The light area is diffused beyond actual shape o Simultaneous Contrast Exaggeration of differences Color with opposing hues or values intensifies when placed next to each other increases each others apparent differences Autokinetic Illusions o o Self moving illusion appear to flicker undulate waver or otherwise move Gestalt Principles Similarity Proximity Closure o o The perception of like units as a group rather than as individual units o o The grouping of few units close together into fewer units o o The perception of complete bounded shapes from implied lines Continuation o o The perception of a continuous line through a small break or interruption Light Definitions o Light the electromagnetic energy making things visible the radian energy resulting from vibration of electrons o Wavelength the distance between the peak of one wave and the next o Frequency refers to the speed of the wave vibrations Perception 5 direct 95 indirect o o Majority of time light is just bouncing off objects reflected Psychological Effects o Light has the power to communicate a message o The lighting of the outdoors helps us to gauge the time of day and weather o Light also directs our attention and tells us where to look Reaction of Surfaces o Light behaves differently depending on the surface it strikes o The amount of light perception is also determined by the angle of incidence o Smooth surface is specular reflection o Textured surface is diffuse reflection o Diffusion of Light Reflect mirror