Chapter 9 The Latino population see Figure 9 2 p 221 Mexicans are the largest Latino population in America 63 panethnicity p 220 color gradient t p 221 The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups as reflected in the terms Hispanic and Asian American The placement of people on a continuum from light to dark skin color rather than in distinct racial groupings by color Exp black Panamanian the borderlands p 223 The area of a common culture along the border between Mexico and the United Sates Foreign owned companies on the Mexican side of the border maquiladoras p 223 with the United States remittances p 223 hometown clubs p 223 The monies that immigrants return to their countries of origin Typically are non profit organizations that maintain close ties to immigrants hometowns in Mexico and other latin nations They collect money collect money for improvements in hospitals and schools in Mexican hometowns transnationals p 223 Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin and settlement The Economic Picture p 224 The median income of latinos has increased over past 25 years Gap remains between Latinos and Whites 25 of latinos are still below poverty level as of 2010 Latinos growing political presence p 226 Latino voters played a key role in helping to re elect president Barrack Obama in 2012 Most Latinos are democrats Cuban Americans pp 227 9 Third largest Hispanic population in America their settlement dates back to early 19th century Immigration increased due to Fidel castro s power after 1959 Immigration pp 227 8 1st influxes of immigration was during 3 years of Castro s presidency 2nd was due to the agreement of U S and cuba through a program called Freedom Flights 3rd major immigration was due to Freedom Flotilla in the mariel boat lift This was controversial because Castro sent prisnors and addicts on the boat Marielitos p 228 people who arrived from Cuba in the third wave of Cuban immigration most specifiacally those forcibly deported by way of Mariel Harbor Also known as undesirable refugees dry foot wet foot p 228 policy towrd Cuban immigrants that allows thos who manage to reach the U S dry foot to remain but sends those who are picked up at sea wet foot back to cuba compared to other Latino immigrants Cubans are doing good The current picture pp 228 229 as a whole they are concentrated in Miami Central and South Americans p 230 2 unlike racial groupings in the U S they use a color gradient they come from historically different experiences and cultural diverse backgrounds they usually don t form a cohesive group We saw the following video in class C SPAN s U S Hispanic Population 40 50 min June 22 2012 http www c spanvideo org program 306734 5 make sure you review the accompanying slideshow which contains important demographic information about the U S Latino a population http www census gov newsroom cspan hisp anic Chapter 10 Note You will only be held responsible for the material on Mexican Americans found roughly on pp 238 244 and pp 250 255 including the following repatriation p 239 the 1930 s program of deporting Mexicans braceros p 240 mojados p 240 La Raza p 240 contracted Mexican laborers brought to the U S during WW2 wetbacks derisive slang for Mexicans who enter illegally supposedly by swimming the Rio Grande literally meaning the people the term refers to the rich heritage of Mexican Americans it is therefore used to denote a sense of pride among Mexican Americans today Cesar Chavez p 242 American labor leader he led the organizing efforts of migrant farm workers in the south west He also co found the National Farm Workers Association United Farm Workers UFW p 242 Succeeded in making federal and state governments more aware of the exploitation of migrant laborers It helped the migrant workers developed a sense of power and worth It helped improve working condition Chicanismo the Chicano movement p 243 Chicanismo the ideology emphasizing pride and positive identity among Mexican Americans tracking p 251 familism p 252 life chances p 253 Chapter 11 Islamophobia p 273 Hijab p 269 of modest dress Muslim p 263 of Christianity Nation of Islam p 266 The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria Means pride and closeness in the family which results in family obligation and loyalty coming before individual needs Peoples opportunities to provide themselves with material goods positive living conditions and favorable life experiences A range of negative feelings toward Muslims and their religion that ranges from generalized intolerance to hatred A variety of garments that allow women to follow guidelines A follower of the Islamic religion like Christian is a follower A religious movement founded in Detroit Michigan by Wallace D Fard Muhammad The goal of nation of Islam is to improve the spiritual mental social and economic condition of African American in the U S Any arbiter police initiated action based on race ethnicity or national origin rather than a persons behavior racial profiling p 271 Qur an p 260 The Muslim bible In class we saw the first 23 minutes of Fear Anger and Politics a 2012 Al Jazeera documentary about the crackdown on American Muslims after 9 11 http www youtube com watch v cRt8WW FKbU Chapter 12 model or ideal minority p 281 Group that despite past prejudice and discrimination succeeds economically socially and educationally without resorting to political or violent confrontations with whites Exp Asian s panethnicity p 285 yellow peril p 283 The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups as reflected in the terms Hispanic and Asian American the term denoting a generalized prejudice toward Asian people and their customs Review the highlights of the Pew Research Center s report called The Rise of Asian Americans http www pewsocialtrends org asianameri cans graphics You may also wish to review the following videos we saw in class Seeking Asian Female a documentary about a white man who marries an Asian woman he meets online part 1 http vimeo com 61135818 40 07 min part 2 http vimeo com 61199979 40 28 min Clash of Colors a documentary about Korean Americans and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots 81 02 min http www youtube com watch v An8LJ fv 0mo Their will be an essay question on the test