Chapter 9The Latino population- see Figure 9.2 (p 221) • Mexicans are the largest Latino population in America (63%)panethnicity (p 220)• The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, as reflected in the terms Hispanic and Asian American color gradient t(p 221)• The placement of people on a continuum from light to dark skin color rather than in distinct racial groupings by color. Exp ( black Panamanian)the borderlands (p 223)• The area of a common culture along the border between Mexico and the United Sates maquiladoras (p 223)• Foreign owned companies on the Mexican side of the border with the United Statesremittances (p 223)• The monies that immigrants return to their countries of origin hometown clubs (p 223)• Typically are non profit organizations that maintain close ties to immigrants hometowns in Mexico and other latin nations.• They collect money collect money for improvements inhospitals and schools in Mexican hometowns transnationals (p 223)• Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin and settlement The Economic Picture (p 224)• The median income of latinos has increased over past 25 years • Gap remains between Latinos and Whites • 25% of latinos are still below poverty level as of 2010 Latinos’ growing political presence (p 226) • Latino voters played a key role in helping to re-elect president Barrack Obama in 2012. • Most Latinos are democrats Cuban Americans (pp 227-9)• Third largest Hispanic population in America, their settlement dates back to early 19th century• Immigration increased due to Fidel castro’s power after 1959Immigration (pp 227-8) • 1st influxes of immigration was during 3 years of Castro’s presidency • 2nd was due to the agreement of U.S and cuba through a program called “Freedom Flights”• 3rd major immigration was due to “Freedom Flotilla” in the mariel boat lift. This was controversial because Castro sentprisnors and addicts on the boatMarielitos (p 228)• people who arrived from Cuba in the third wave of Cuban immigration, most specifiacally those forcibly deported by way of Mariel Harbor. Also known as undesirable refugees dry foot, wet foot (p 228) • policy towrd Cuban immigrants that allows thos who manage to reach the U.S (dry foot) to remain but sends those who are picked up at sea(wet foot) back to cuba.The current picture (pp 228-229)• compared to other Latino immigrants, Cubans are doing good as a whole• they are concentrated in Miami Central and South Americans (p 230-2)• unlike racial groupings in the U.S, they use a color gradient • they come from historically different experiences and cultural diverse backgrounds • they usually don’t form a cohesive group We saw the following video in class, C-SPAN’s “U.S. Hispanic Population” (40:50 min., June 22, 2012): http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/306734-5#...make sure you review the accompanying slideshow, which contains important demographic information about the U.S. Latino/a population: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/cspan/hisp anic/Chapter 10Note: You will only be held responsible for the material on Mexican Americans, found roughly on pp 238-244, and pp 250-255, including the following:repatriation (p 239)• the 1930’s program of deporting Mexicans braceros (p 240)• contracted Mexican laborers brought to the U.S during WW2 mojados (p 240)• “wetbacks”; derisive slang for Mexicans who enter illegally, supposedly by swimming the Rio Grande La Raza (p 240)• literally meaning “the people” , the term refers to the rich heritage of Mexican Americans; it is therefore used to denote a sense of pride among Mexican Americans today. Cesar Chavez (p 242)• American labor leader, he led the organizing efforts of migrant farm workers in the south west. He also co-found the National Farm Workers AssociationUnited Farm Workers (UFW) (p 242)• Succeeded in making federal and state governments more aware of the exploitation of migrant laborers • It helped the migrant workers developed a sense of powerand worth• It helped improve working condition Chicanismo / the Chicano movement (p 243)• Chicanismo: the ideology emphasizing pride and positive identity among Mexican Americans tracking (p 251)• The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria. familism (p 252) • Means pride and closeness in the family, which results in family obligation and loyalty coming before individual needs life chances (p 253)• Peoples opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences Chapter 11Islamophobia (p 273)• A range of negative feelings toward Muslims and their religion that ranges from generalized intolerance to hatred Hijab (p 269)• A variety of garments that allow women to follow guidelines of modest dressMuslim (p 263)• A follower of the Islamic religion, like Christian is a followerof Christianity Nation of Islam (p 266) • A religious movement founded in Detroit, Michigan by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad. The goal of nation of Islam is to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African American in the U.Sracial profiling (p 271) • Any arbiter police initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than a persons behaviorQur’an (p 260)• The Muslim bible In class, we saw the first 23 minutes of “Fear, Anger and Politics,” a 2012 Al Jazeera documentary about the crackdown on American Muslims after 9/11: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRt8WW _FKbUChapter 12model or ideal minority (p 281) • Group that, despite past prejudice and discrimination, succeeds economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to political or violent confrontations with whites . Exp) Asian’s panethnicity (p 285)• The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, as reflected in the terms Hispanic and Asian American yellow peril (p 283)• the term denoting a generalized prejudice toward Asianpeople and their customs Review the highlights of the Pew Research Center’s report called “The Rise of Asian Americans”: http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/asianameri cans-graphics/You may also wish to review the following videos we saw in class:“Seeking Asian Female,” a documentary about a white man who marries an Asian woman he meets online:part 1: http://vimeo.com/61135818 (40:07 min.)part