Slide 1What is biology?What is life?Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13All identified life forms possess these seven characteristicsHow do scientists categorize the diversity of life?How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?Cell typeCell numberEnergy AcquisitionHow do scientists study life?Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27How do scientists study life? Fundamental scientific principlesScientific methodScientific methodSlide 31Classic example of the scientific method at workClassic example of the scientific method at workClassic example of the scientific method at workSlide 35Chapter 1An Introduction to Life on Earth1What is biology?Biology is the study of life21.3What is life?Dictionary definition: the quality that distinguishes a vital functioning being from a dead body3So what is this “quality” that distinguishes a human from a rock?1.3We define life with a set of characteristics shared by all living organismsTo be alive an organism must:1. Be2. Maintain3. Respond4. Use5. G6. R7. E41.351. Fig 1.81.362. Homeostasis =1.373. Internal and external stimuli•Ex:1.384. Nutrients – include minerals, oxygen, water, other chemical building blocksEnergy – almost all life is sustained by energy originally provided by the sun1.394. Fig 1.101.3105. Growth involves the conversion of materials acquired from the environment into molecules of the organisms body 1.3116. Give rise to offspring which allows for the continuation of lifeFig 1.61.3127. Living organisms, collectively, have the capacity to evolve 1.3137. Living organisms, collectively, have the capacity to evolve•Evolution occurs through the process of•Ex: Giraffes with long necks can reach food that others cannot1.3, 1.4All identified life forms possess these seven characteristics 14How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?15BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYAFIRST CELLSFig 1.111.416How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?Within the three domains organisms are further classified:Binomial naming scheme:1.417How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?Table 1.11.4Cell typeProkaryotic• Eukaryotic• 181.4Cell numberUnicellular Multicellular19Unicellular Protist1.4Energy AcquisitionAutotrophic•“self-feeding”Heterotrophic•“other feeding”201.4How do scientists study life?21Life can be studied at many different levelsAtom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Multicellular organism Population Species Community Ecosystem Biosphere 1.122Fig 1.123Atom - the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that elementMolecule – a combination of atoms1.124Cells – The smallest unit of life!Tissue – a group of similar cells that perform a specific function Organ – A structure typically composed of several tissue types that performs a specific function1.125Organ system – Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body functionMulticellular organism – an individual living cell composed of many cellsSpecies – very similar, potentially interbreeding organisms. Population – members of the same species inhabiting the same area1.126Community – two or more populations living and interacting in the same area Ecosystem – a community together with its non-living surroundings1.127Biosphere – the part of Earth inhabited by living organisms; includes both living and non-living components1.1How do scientists study life?Fundamental scientific principles•Natural causality•Uniformity of space and time•Common perception28These principles underlie all scientific inquiry1.1Scientific method29Science is a process leading to discoveryCuriosity about an observation leads to a questionThrough the scientific method we first formulate a hypothesis/prediction1.1Scientific method30Design an experiment!•Test for one variable at a time1.131Fig 1.41.1Classic example of the scientific method at work•Observation – flies swarm around meat, maggots appear on the meat•Question – where do the maggots come from?321.1•Hypothesis – •Prediction – 33Classic example of the scientific method at work1.134Classic example of the scientific method at
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